Synopsis
A study is made of various types of viscoelastic effective stress-strain relations, and their influence on the time-settlement relations in secondary consolidation. This study examines both deviatoric and volumetric components of the effective stress-strain relations. It is shown that the effective stress-strain relationship for a clay layer, is derivable from several combinations of volumetric and deviatoric behavior.
A five-parameter relationship is discussed and generalized to a continuous one by functionals. The influence of various rheological parameters are discussed.
Experimental evidence is introduced for several normally consolidated and over consolidated clay samples. The rate of secondary consolidation is approximately the same for both isotropically consolidated triaxial tests and for oedometer tests. The rate of secondary consolidation is lower for the over-consolidated samples.
An explanation of behavior is presented in terms of the physio-chemistry of the clay-water system. This study considers the particulate nature of clays and two types of effective stress transmission; these being contact stresses and double layer stresses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anagnosti, P. (1963): Stresses, Deformations and Pore Pressure in Triaxial Test Obtained by a Suitable Rheological Model. Proceedings of the European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Wiesbaden.
Bingham, E. C. (1916): An Investigation of the Laws of Plastic Flow. Bulletin U.S. Bureau of Standards 13, 309–353.
Biot, M. A. (1941): General Theory of Three-Dimensional Consolidation. J. Appl. Phys. 12, 155–164.
Biot, M. A. (1956): Theory of Deformation of a Porous Visco-elastic Anisotropic Solid. J. Appl. Phys. 27, 459–467.
Bishop, A. W. (1958): Test Requirements for Measuring the Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest. Proceedings, Brussels Conference on Earth Pressure Problems, Vol. 1, pp. 2–14.
Bishop, A. W., and D. J. Henkel (1962): The Measurement of Soil Properties in the Triaxial Test, 2nd Ed. Arnold, London: Arnold.
Bjerrum, L. (1963): Opening Address. Proceedings of the European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Wiesbaden.
Bjerrum, L. (1964): Relasjon Mellom Malte Og Beregnede Setninger Av Byggverk Pa Leire Og Sand (Relation Between Measured and Estimated Settlements of Structures on Clay and Sand). Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Buisman, A. S. K. (1936): Results of Long Duration Settlement Tests. Proceedings 1st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 103–106.
Fang, H. S. (1956): Three-Dimensional Consolidation Characteristics of Clays. Master of Science Thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.
Florin, V. A. (1961): Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2 (In Russian), Moscow: Gosstroyizdat.
Geuze, E. C. W. A., and T. K. Tan (1954): The Mechanical Behavior of Clays. Proceedings, Second International Congress on Rheology, New York: Academic Press, pp. 247–259.
Gibson, R. E., and D. J. Henkel (1954): Influence of Duration of Tests at Constant Rate of Strain on Measured ‘Drained’ Strength. Géotechnique 4, 6–15.
Gibson, R. E., and K. Y. Lo (1961): A Theory of Consolidation for Soils Exhibiting Secondary Compression. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Publication No. 41, (also Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, 296/191, Ci 10).
Gray, H. (1936): Progress Report on Research on the Consolidation of Fine-Grained Soils. Proceedings, First International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 138–141.
Gurtin, M. E., and E. Sternberg (1962): On the Linear Theory of Viscoelasticity. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 11, No. 4, 291–356.
Henkel, D. J., and V. A. Sowa (1963): The Influence of Stress History on the Stress Paths Followed in Undrained Triaxial Tests. Proceedings, ASTM-NRC Symposium on Laboratory Shear Testing of Soils.
Ishii, Y. (1951): General Discussion. ASTM Symposium on Consolidation Testing of Soils, STP No. 126, pp. 103-109.
Ladd, C. C. (1961): Physical-Chemical Analysis of the Shear Strength of Salurated Clays. D. Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Lambe, T. W. (1951): Soil Testing for Engineers, New York: J. Wiley.
Lambe, T. W. (1953): The Structure of Inorganic Soil. Proceedings of the ASCE 79, Separate No. 315, October.
Lee, E. H. (1955): Stress Analysis in Viscoelastic Bodies, Quart. Appl. Math. 13, 183–190.
Leonards, G. A., and P. Girault (1961): A Study of the One-Dimensional Consolidation Test. Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 213–218.
Lo, K. Y. (1961): Secondary Compression of Clays. ASCE, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 87, No. SM 4, pp. 61–82.
Mandel, J. (1957): Consolidation de Couches d’Argiles. Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 360–367.
Newland, P. L., and B. H. Allely (1960): A Study of the Consolidation Characteristics of a Clay. Géotechnique 10, 62–74.
Eoscoe, F. E., A. N. Schofield and A. Thurairajah (1963): Yielding of Clays in States Wetter than Critical. Géotechnique 13, 211–240.
Rosenqvist, I. Th. (1961): Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils: Soil-Water Systems. Trans. ASCE 126, Part 1, pp. 745–765.
Schiffman, R. L. (1959): The Use of Visco-Elastic Stress-Strain Laws in Soil Testing. ASTM, STP. 254, Papers on Soils, 1959 Meetings, pp. 131-155.
Schiffman, R. L. (1963): The Visco-Elastic Compression of Soil-Water Systems. Proceedings, Fourth International Congress on Rheology.
Skempton, A. W. (1961): Horizontal Stresses in an Over-Consolidated Eocene Clay. Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 351–357.
Tan, T. K. (1954): Investigations on the Rheological Properties of Clays. (In Dutch.) Ph. D. Thesis, Delft Technical University, The Netherlands.
Tan, T. K. (1957): Three-Dimensional Theory on the Consolidation and Flow of the Clay-Layers. Scientia Sinica 6, No. 1, 203–215.
Tan, T. K. (1958): Secondary Time Effects and Consolidation of Clays. Scientia Sinica 7, No. 11, 1060–1075.
Tan, T. K. (1959): Structure Mechanics of Clays. Scientia Sinica 8, No. 1, pp. 83–97.
Tan, T. K. (1961): Consolidation and Secondary Time Effect of Homogeneous, Anisotropic, Saturated Clay Strata. Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 367-373.
Taylor, D. W. (1942): Research on Consolidation of Clays. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Serial 82.
Terzaghi, K. (1923): Die Berechnung der Durchlässigkeitsziffer des Tones aus dem Verlauf der Hydrodynamischen Spannungserscheinungen. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Sitzungsberichte. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Part 11a, Vol. 132, 3/4, pp. 125–138.
Terzaghi, K. (1953): Discussion, Proceedings, Third International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 158–159.
Terzaghi, K., and O.K. Fröhlich (1936): Theorie der Setzung von Tonschichten, Leipzig: Deuticke.
Thompson, W. J. (1962): Some Deformation Characteristics of Cambridge Gault Clay. Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge University.
Volterra, V. (1929): Theory of Functional and of Integral and Integro-Differential Equations, New York: Dover Publications.
Anagnosti, P. (1963): Stresses, deformations and pore pressure in triaxial test obtained by a suitable meological model. European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Wiesbaden.
Gibson, R. E., and K. Y. Lo (1961): A theory of consolidation for soils exhibiting secondary compression. Norges Geotekniske Institut, Publ. Nr. 41.
Stroganov, A. S. (1963): One-dimensional deformation of soil as non-linear visco-elastic medium. European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Wiesbaden.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1966 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schiffman, R.L., Ladd, C.C., Chen, A.TF. (1966). The Secondary Consolidation of Clay. In: Kravtchenko, J., Sirieys, P.M. (eds) Rheology and Soil Mechanics / Rhéologie et Mécanique des Sols. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39449-6_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39449-6_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-38599-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-39449-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive