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Medizinische Perspektiven der Stammzellforschung

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Book cover Grundlagen der Molekularen Medizin

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Zusammenfassung

Medizinische Zellersatzstrategien und Transplantationsmedizin haben in den letzten Jahren enorme Fortschritte gemacht. In vielen Bereichen der Humanmedizin sind Organ- und Gewebetransplantationen mittlerweile zu einem Routineverfahren geworden. Dieser enorme Fortschritt täuscht allzu leicht über die noch bestehenden Probleme in diesem Bereich hinweg. An erster Stelle steht hier der Mangel an Spenderorganen und -geweben. Damit unmittelbar verbunden sind die langen Wartezeiten an nahezu allen Transplantationszentren. Zudem stellen auch heute noch Abstoßungsreaktionen in einigen Fällen ein nicht beherrschbares Problem dar. Schließlich bleiben Zellersatz und Transplantation für verschiedene komplexe Gewebe eine große wissenschaftliche Herausforderung. Dies gilt insbesondere für Krankheiten des Nervensystems. Die neuen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Stammzellbiologie eröffnen erstmals Perspektiven, diese seit Jahren bestehenden Probleme langfristig zu umgehen. Die Möglichkeit, pluripotente oder gewebespezifische Stammzellen in vitro zu vermehren, könnte es ermöglichen, Spenderzellen für verschiedenste Gewebe in großer Zahl zu erzeugen, ohne wie bisher für jedes Transplantat Frischgewebe heranzuziehen.

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  1. Marius Wernig
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Wernig, M., Scheffler, B., Brüstle, O. (2003). Medizinische Perspektiven der Stammzellforschung. In: Ganten, D., Ruckpaul, K. (eds) Grundlagen der Molekularen Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07588-3_21

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