Abstract
Other Chapters are devoted to the relationships between fluxes of ions and the driving forces that produce them—concentration differences, electric potential differences, flows of solvent or solute, metabolic flows. This Chapter is concerned with the problem of measuring such fluxes across cellular membranes, and with the related problem of determining the distribution of ions between the various cellular compartments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bradley, J.V.: Distribution-free Statistical Tests. Englewood Cliffs: Academic Press 1968.
Briggs, G.E.: Some aspects of free space in plant tissue. New Phytologist 56, 305–324 (1957 a).
Briggs, G. E.: Estimation of the flux of ions into and out of the vacuole of a plant cell. J. Exptl. Bot. 8, 319–322 (1957b).
Briggs, G.E., Hope, A.B., Pitman, M.G.: Exchangeable ions in beet disks at low temperature. J. Exp. Botany 9, 128–141 (1958a).
Briggs, G.E., Hope, A.B., Pitman, M.G.: Measurement of ionic fluxes in red beet tissues using radioisotopes. Radioisotopes Sci. Res. Proc. Int. Conf. Paris 4, 391–400 (1958 b).
Briggs, G.E., Hope, A.B., Robertson, R.N.: Electrolytes and plant cells. Oxford: Blackwell 1961.
Charley, J.L., Jenny, H.: Two-phase studies on availability of iron in calcareous soils. IV. Decomposition of iron oxide by roots, and Fe diffusion in roots. Agrochimica 5, 99–107 (1961).
Conover, W.J.: Practical Nonparametric Statistics. New York: Wiley and Sons 1971.
Coster, H.G.: Chloride in cells of Chaa australis. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 19, 545–554 (1966).
Cram, W. J.: Compartmentation and exchange of chloride in carrot root tissue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 163, 339–353 (1968).
Cram, W.J.: Short term influx as a measure of influx across the plasmalemma. Plant Physiol. 44, 1013–1015 (1969).
Cram, W.J.: Chloride fluxes in cells of the isolated root cortex of Zea mays. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 26, 757–779 (1973).
Cram, W.J., Laties, G.G.: Th use of short-term and quasi-steady influx in estimating plasmalemma and tonoplast influx in barley root cells at various external and internal chloride concentrations. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 24, 633–646 (1971).
Dainty, J., Hope, A.B.: Ionic relations of cells of Chara australis. I. Ion exchange in the cell wall. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 12, 395–411 (1959).
Dainty, J., Hope, A.B.: The Electric double layer and the donnan equilibrium in relation to plant cell walls. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 14, 541–551 (1961).
Diamond, J. M., Solomon, A.K.: Intracellular compartments in Nitella axillaris. J. Gen. Physiol. 42, 1105–1121 (1959).
Eshel, A., Waisel, Y.: Variations in uptake of sodium and rubidium along barley roots. Physiol. Plant. 28, 557–560 (1973).
Etherton, B.: Steady state sodium and rubidium effluxes in Pisum sativum roots. Plant Physiol. 42, 685–690 (1967).
Findlay, G. P., Hope, A. B., Walker, N. A.: Quantization of a flux ratio in charophytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 233, 55–162 (1971).
Findlay, G. P., Hope, A.B., Williams, E.J.: Ionic relations of marine algae. II. Griffithsia: ionic fluxes. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 23, 323–338 (1970).
Hodgkin, A.L., Keynes, R.D.: The potassium permeability of a giant nerve fibre. J. Physiol. 128, 61–88 (1955).
Hope, A.B.: Ion transport and membranes. London: Butterworth 1971.
Hope, A. B., Findlay, G. P.: The action potential in Chara. Plant Cell Physiol. (Tokyo) 5, 377–379 (1964).
Hope, A. B., Simpson, A., Walker, N. A.: The efflux of chloride from cells of Nitella and Chara. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 19, 355–362 (1966).
Hope, A. B., Walker, N. A.: Ionic relations of Chara australis. IV. Membrane potential differences and resistances. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 14, 26–36 (1961).
Hope, A.B., Walker, N.A.: The physiology of giant algal cells. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1975.
Jacoby, B., Dagan, J.: Effects of age on sodium fluxes in primary bean leaves. Physiol. Plantarum 22, 29–36 (1969).
Jeschke, W.D.: K+-Stimulated Na+ efflux and selective transport in barley roots. In: Ion transport in plants (W.P. Anderson, ed.), p. 285–296. London-New York: Academic Press 1973.
Kishimoto, U., Tazawa, M.: Ionic composition of the cytoplasm of Nitella flexilis. Plant Cell Physiol. (Tokyo) 6, 507–518 (1965).
Larkum, A. W. D.: Ionic relations of chloroplasts in vivo. Nature 218, 447–449 (1968).
Lefebvre, J., Gillet, C.: Effects des cations externes sur l’activité des chlorures cytoplasmiques dosés par l’electrode Ag—AgCl introduite dans la cellule de Nitella. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 249, 556–563 (1971).
Lüttge, U., Pallaghy, C.K.: Unerwartete Kinetik des Efflux und der Aufnahme von Ionen bei verschiedenen Pflanzengeweben. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 67, 359–366 (1972).
Macrobbie, E.A.C.: Factors affecting the fluxes of potassium and chloride ions in Nitella translucens. J. Gen. Physiol. 47, 859–877 (1964).
Macrobbie, E.A.C.: Metabolic effects on ion fluxes in Nitella translucens. II. Tonoplast fluxes. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 19, 371–383 (1966).
Macrobbie, E.A.C.: Ion fluxes to the vacuole of Nitella translucens. J. Exptl. Bot. 20, 236–256 (1969).
Macrobbie, E.A.C.: The active transport of ions in plant cells. Quart. Revs. Bioph. 3, 251–294 (1970a).
Macrobbie, E.A.C.: Quantized fluxes of chloride to the vacuole of Nitella translucens. J. Exptl. Bot. 21, 335–344 (1970b).
Macrobbie, E. A.C.: Vacuolar fluxes of chloride and bromide in Nitella translucens. J. Exptl. Bot. 22, 487–502 (1971).
Macrobbie, E.A.C.: Vacuolar ion transport in Nitella. In: Ion transport in plants. (W.P. Anderson, ed.), p. 431–446. London-New York: Academic Press 1973.
Macrobbie, E.A.C., Dainty, J.: Ion transport in Nitellopsis obtusa. J. Gen. Physiol. 42, 335–353 (1958 a).
Macrobbie, E.A.C., Dainty, J.: Sodium and potassium distribution and transport in the seaweed Rhodymenia palmata. Physiol. Plantarum 11, 782–801 (1958 b).
Magar, M.E.: Data analysis in biochemistry and biophysics. New York: Academic Press 1972.
Mailman, D.S., Mullins, L.J.: The Electrical measurement of chloride fluxes in Nitella. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 19, 385–398 (1966).
Osmond, C.B.: Ion absorption in Atriplex leaf tissue. I. Absorption by mesophyll cells. Australian J.Biol. Sci. 21, 1119–1130 (1968).
Pallaghy, C.K., Lüttge, U., Willert, K. von: Cytoplasmic compartmentation and parallel pathways of ion uptake in plant root cells. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 62, 51–57 (1970).
Pallaghy, C.K., Scott, B.I.H.: The Electrochemical state of cell of broad bean roots. II. Potassium kinetics in excised root tissue. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 22, 585–600 (1969).
Pitman, M.G.: The determination of the salt relations of the cytoplasmic phase in cells of beetroot tissue. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 16, 647–668 (1963).
Pitman, M.G.: Ion exchange and diffusion in roots of Hordeum vulgare. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 18, 541–545 (1965).
Pitman, M.G.: Uptake and transport of ions in barley seedlings. I. Estimation of chloride fluxes in cells of excised roots. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 24, 407–421 (1971).
Pitman, M.G.: Uptake and transport of ions in barley seedlings. II. Evidence for two active stages in transport to the shoot. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 25, 243–257 (1972).
Pitman, M. G., Lüttge, U., Kramer, D., Ball, E.: Free space characteristics of barley leaf slices. Australian J. Plant. Physiol. 1, 65–75 (1974).
Sheppard, C.W.: Basic principles of the tracer method. New York: Wiley and Sons 1962.
Slayman, C.W., Tatum, E.L.: Potassium transport in Neurospora. II. Measurement of steady-state potassium fluxes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 102, 149–160 (1965).
Spanswick, R.M., Williams, E.J.: Electric potentials and Na, K and Cl concentrations in the vacuole and cytoplasm of Nitella translucens. J. Exp. Botany 15, 193–200 (1964).
Spanswick, R.M., Williams, E.J.: Calcium fluxes and membrane potentials in Nitella translucens. J. Exp. Botany 16, 463–473 (1965).
Steveninck, R.F.M. van: Potassium fluxes in red beet tissue during its “lag phase”. Physiol. Plantarum 15, 211–215 (1962).
Tazawa, M., Kishimoto, U., Kikuyama, M.: Potassium, sodium and chloride in the protoplasm of characeae. Plant Cell Physiol. (Tokyo) 15, 103–110 (1974).
Tyree, M.T.: Determination of transport constants of isolated Nitella cell walls. Can. J. Botany 46, 317–327 (1968).
Vickery, R.S., Bruinsma, J.: Compartments and permeability for potassium in developing fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). J. Exp. Botany 24, 1261–1270 (1973).
Walker, N. A.: Discussion. In: Ion transport in plants (W. P. Anderson, ed.), p. 459–461. London-New York: Academic Press 1973.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Walker, N.A., Pitman, M.G. (1976). Measurement of Fluxes across Membranes. In: Lüttge, U., Pitman, M.G. (eds) Transport in Plants II. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 2 / A. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66227-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66227-0_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66229-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66227-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive