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Oncology of CNS Tumors pp 3–75Cite as

Pathology and Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System

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Abstract

Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902), the founder of cellular pathology, already separated gliomas from “psammomas,” “melanomas,” and other “sarcomas” of the nervous system in 1864/65 [185]. However, it was not until 1926 that Bailey and Cushing developed the first systematic classification scheme for gliomas and introduced the concept of brain tumor grading [4]. The first World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the nervous system was published in 1979 [196], followed by revisions in 1993 [82], 2000 [83] and 2007 [104]. All WHO classifications, including the latest version in 2007 (Table 1.1), followed the histogenetic principle originally proposed by Bailey and Cushing [4]. Based on morphologic and immunohistochemical features, each tumor entity is classified according to its presumed cell of origin. Although commonly used, this concept is challenged by the fact that the actual cell of origin is unknown for most brain tumors. Furthermore, experimental evidence from mouse models suggests that gliomas, for example, are more likely to arise from glial precursor cells than from terminally differentiated astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, respectively [169]. Nevertheless, histological classification according to the WHO criteria allows for a meaningful separation of biologically and clinically distinct brain tumor entities that is unsurpassed by any other diagnostic approach so far. Thus, the morphologic classification of brain tumors is and will remain the diagnostic gold standard in neuro-oncology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany

    Guido Reifenberger

  2. Department of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Krankenhausstrasse 8-10, Erlangen, 91054, Germany

    Ingmar Blümcke

  3. Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany

    Torsten Pietsch

  4. Department of Neuropathology, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Domagkstrasse 19, Münster, 48149, Germany

    Werner Paulus

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  1. Guido Reifenberger
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  2. Ingmar Blümcke
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  3. Torsten Pietsch
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  4. Werner Paulus
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Correspondence to Guido Reifenberger .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinikum München Klinikum Großhadern Neurochirurgische Klinik, Marchioninistr. 15, München, 81377, Germany

    Jörg-Christian Tonn

  2. Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Krankenhaus Eppendorf Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Martinistr. 52, Neurologie, Hamburg, 20246, Germany

    Manfred Westphal

  3. Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue Suite 1502, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada

    James T. Rutka

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Reifenberger, G., Blümcke, I., Pietsch, T., Paulus, W. (2010). Pathology and Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System. In: Tonn, JC., Westphal, M., Rutka, J.T. (eds) Oncology of CNS Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02874-8_1

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