Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Handbook of Semantic Web Technologies pp 43–75Cite as

Semantic Web Architecture

  • Reference work entry

Abstract

The Semantic Web extends the existing Web, adding a multitude of language standards and software components to give humans and machines direct access to data. The chapter starts with deriving the architecture of the Semantic Web as a whole from first principles, followed by a presentation of Web standards underpinning the Semantic Web that are used for data publishing, querying, and reasoning. Further, the chapter identifies functional software components required to implement capabilities and behavior in applications that publish and consume Semantic Web content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   499.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Adida, B., Birbeck, M.: RDFA primer. W3C working group note, W3C (Oct 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Auer, S., Bizer, C., Kobilarov, G., Lehmann, J., Cyganiak, R., Ives, Z.: DBpedia: a nucleus for a web of open data. In: Proceedings of Sixth International Semantic Web Conference, Second Asian Semantic Web Conference (ISWC + ASWC 2007), Busan. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4825, pp. 722–735. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Auer, S., Dietzold, S., Lehmann, J., Hellmann, S., Aumueller, D.: Triplify: light-weight linked data publication from relational databases. In: Quemada, J., León, G., Maarek, Y.S., Nejdl, W. (eds.) Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2009), Madrid, pp. 621–630. ACM, New York (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Beckett, D.: The design and implementation of the redland RDF application framework. Comput. Netw. 39(5), 577–588 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Berners-Lee, T.: Linked data – design issues. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData (2006)

  6. Berners-Lee, T.: Universal resource identifiers in WWW: a unifying syntax for the expression of names and addresses of objects on the network as used in the world wide web, RFC 1630. Internet Engineering Task Force. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1630.txt (1994)

  7. Berners-Lee, T., Chen, Y., Chilton, L., Connolly, D., Dhanaraj, R., Hollenbach, J., Lerer, A., Sheets, D.: Tabulator: exploring and analyzing linked data on the semantic web. In: Proceedings of the Third International Semantic Web User Interaction Workshop (SWUI 2006), co-located with International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2006), Athens, GA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Berners-Lee, T., Hollenbach, J., Lu, K., Presbrey, J., Prud’ommeaux, E., Schraefel, M.: Tabulator Redux: browsing and writing linked data. In: Proceedings of the Linked Data on the Web (LDOW 2008), Beijing, co-located with the 17th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2008) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. BigData: Bigdata RDF database. http://www.bigdata.com/

  10. Bizer, C., Gau, T.: Disco – hyperdata browser. http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/ng4j/disco/

  11. Bizer, C., Cyganiak, R.: D2rq – lessons learned. In: W3C Workshop on RDF Access to Relational Databases. http://www.w3.org/2007/03/RdfRDB/papers/d2rq-positionpaper/ (2007)

  12. Boley, H., Hallmark, G., Kifer, M., Paschke, A., Polleres, A., Reynolds, D.: RIF core dialect, W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). http://www.w3.org/TR/rif-core/ (Jun 2010)

  13. Bouquet, P., Stoermer, H., Mancioppi, M., Giacomuzzi, D.: Okkam: towards a solution to the “identity crisis” on the semantic web. In: Semantic Web Applications and Perspectives. Proceedings of the Third Italian Semantic Web Workshop (SWAP 2006), Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brewer, E.A.: Combining systems and databases: a search engine retrospective. In: Readings in Database Systems, 4th edn. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brickley, D., Guha, R.: RDF vocabulary description language 1.0: RDF schema, W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ (Feb 2004)

  16. Broekstra, J., Kampman, A., Harmelen, F.V.: Sesame: a generic architecture for storing and querying RDF and RDF schema. In: Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2002), Sardinia. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2342, pp. 54–68. Springer, Berlin (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Carroll, J.J.: Signing RDF graphs. In: Proceedings of the Second International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2003), Sanibel Island. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2870, pp. 369–384. Springer, Berlin (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Castano, S., Ferrara, A., Montanelli, S., Varese, G.: Matching semantic web resources. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2009), Linz, pp. 84–88. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chan, B., Talbot, J., Wu, L., Sakunkoo, N., Cammarano, M., Hanrahan, P.: Vispedia: on-demand data integration for interactive visualization and exploration. In: Proceedings of the 35th SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2009), Providence, pp. 1139–1142. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cheng, G., Qu, Y.: Searching linked objects with falcons: approach, implementation and evaluation. Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst. 5(3), 49–70 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cyganiak, R.: About the linking open data dataset cloud. http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/

  22. d’Aquin, M., Baldassarre, C., Gridinoc, L., Angeletou, S., Sabou, M., Motta, E.: Characterizing knowledge on the semantic web with Watson. In: Proceedings of Fifth International Workshop on Evaluation of Ontologies and Ontology-bases tools (EON 2007), co-located with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007), Busan, pp. 1–10 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Decker, S., Melnik, S., van Harmelen, F., Fensel, D., Klein, M.C.A., Broekstra, J., Erd-mann, M., Horrocks, I.: The semantic web: the roles of XML and RDF. IEEE Internet Comput. 4(5), 63–74 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ding, L., Finin, T., Joshi, A., Pan, R., Cost, R.S., Peng, Y., Reddivari, P., Doshi, V.C., Sachs, J.: Swoogle: a search and metadata engine for the semantic web. In: Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2004), Washington, DC (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Dividino, R.Q., Schenk, S., Sizov, S., Staab, S.: Provenance, trust, explanations – and all that other meta knowledge. Künstl. Intell. 23(2), 24–30 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dividino, R.Q., Sizov, S., Staab, S., Schueler, B.: Querying for provenance, trust, uncertainty and other meta knowledge in RDF. J. Web Semant. 7(3), 204–219 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Doan, A., Madhavan, J., Dhamankar, R., Domingos, P., Halevy, A.: Learning to match ontologies on the semantic web. VLDB J. 12(4), 303–319 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Duerst, M., Suignard, M.: Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs). RFC 3987. Internet Engineering Task Force. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt (2005)

  29. Euzenat, J., Shvaiko, P.: Ontology Matching. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Fielding, R.: Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Irvine (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T.: Hypertext transfer protocol – HTTP/1.1. RFC 2616. Internet Engineering Task Force. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt (1999)

  32. Flouris, G., Fundulaki, I., Pediaditis, P., Theoharis, Y., Christophides, V.: Coloring RDF triples to capture provenance. In: Bernstein, A., Karger, D.R., Heath, T., Feigenbaum, L., Maynard, D., Motta, E., Thirunarayan, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the Eighth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2009), Chantilly. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5823, pp. 196–212. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Golbeck, J.: Computing and applying trust in web-based social networks. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. W. O. W. Group: Owl 2 web ontology language document overview, W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/ (Oct 2009)

  35. Halpin, H., Presutti, V.: An ontology of resources for linked data. In: Proceedings of the Linked Data on the Web (LDOW 2009), Madrid, co-located with the 18th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2009) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Harth, A.: VisiNav: visual web data search and navigation. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2009), Linz, pp. 214–228 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Harth, A., Hose, K., Karnstedt, M., Polleres, A., Sattler, K.-U., Umbrich, J.: Data summaries for on-demand queries over linked data. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2010), Raleigh, pp. 411–420. ACM, New York (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Harth, A., Umbrich, J., Decker, S.: Multicrawler: a pipelined architecture for crawling and indexing semantic web data. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2006), Athens, GA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4273, pp. 258–271. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hawke, S.: Rule interchange format (RIF) HCLS 2009 – use case: vocabulary mapping. http://www.w3.org/2009/Talks/0903-rif/Overview.html (2009)

  40. Heimbigner, D., McLeod, D.: A federated architecture for information management. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 3(3), 253–278 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Heinsohn, J., Kudenko, D., Nebel, B., Profitlich, H.-J.: An empirical analysis of terminological representation systems. Artif. Intell. 68(2), 367–397 (1994)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Heitmann, B., Kinsella, S., Hayes, C., Decker, S.: Implementing semantic web applications: reference architecture and challenges. In: Proceedings of Fifth International Workshop on Semantic Web Enabled Software Engineering (SWESE 2009), Virginia, co-located with Eighth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2009), Chantilly (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Hogan, A., Harth, A., Passant, A., Decker, S., Polleres, A.: Weaving the Pedantic Web. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Linked Data on the Web (LDOW 2010), Raleigh, co-located with the 19th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2010) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hogan, A., Harth, A., Umbrich, J., Decker, S.: Towards a scalable search and query engine for the web. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2007), Banff, pp. 1301–1302 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Huynh, D.F., Karger, D.R., Miller, R.C.: Exhibit: lightweight structured data publishing. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2007), Banff, pp. 737–746. ACM, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kamvar, S.D., Schlosser, M.T., Garcia-Molina, H.: The Eigentrust algorithm for reputation management in P2P networks. In: Proceedings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2003), Budapest (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kaufmann, E., Bernstein, A.: How useful are natural language interfaces to the semantic web for casual end-users? In: Proceedings of Sixth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007), Busan. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4825, pp. 281–294. Springer, Berlin (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Kjernsmo, K., Passant, A.: SPARQL new features and rationale, W3C Working Draft. http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql-features/ (July 2009)

  49. Kobilarov, G., Dickinson, I.: Humboldt: exploring linked data. In: Proceedings of the Linked Data on the Web (LDOW 2008), co-located with the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2008), Beijing (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Kossmann, D.: The state of the art in distributed query processing. ACM Comput. Surv. 32(4), 422–469 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Krötzsch, M., Vrandecic, D., Völkel, M.: Semantic MediaWiki. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2006), Athens, GA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4273, pp. 935–942. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Maedche, A., Staab, S., Stojanovic, N., Studer, R., Sure, Y.: Semantic portal – the seal approach. In: Fensel, D., Hendler, J.A., Lieberman, H., Wahlster, W. (eds.) Spinning the Semantic Web, pp. 317–359. MIT Press, Cambridge. http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b138c3a15839372089ee34141592aab2/erispublications (2003)

  53. McBride, B.: Jena: implementing the RDF model and syntax specification. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Semantic Web (Sem Web 2001), Honkong (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Moreau, L., Freire, J., Futrelle, J., McGrath, R.E., Myers, J., Paulson, P.: The open provenance model: an overview. In: Proceedings of Second International Provenance and Annotation Workshop (IPAW 2008), Salt Lake City. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5272, pp. 323–326. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Motro, A.: Superviews: virtual integration of multiple databases. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-13(7), 785–798 (July 1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Neumann, T., Weikum, G.: The RDF-3x engine for scalable management of RDF data. VLDB J. 19(1), 91–113 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. OAEI: Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative: http://oaei.ontologymatching.org/

  58. OpenID: OpenID foundation website. http://openid.net/ (2010)

  59. Oren, E., Delbru, R., Catasta, M., Cyganiak, R., Stenzhorn, H., Tummarello, G.: Sindice.com: a document-oriented lookup index for open linked data. Int. J. Metadata Semant. Ontol. 3(1), 37–52 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Oren, E., Delbru, R., Decker, S.: Extending faceted navigation for RDF data. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2006), Athens, GA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4273, pp. 559–572. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  61. OWLIM: OWLIM semantic repository. http://www.ontotext.com/owlim

  62. Papakonstantinou, Y., Garcia-Molina, H., Widom, J.: Object exchange across heterogeneous information sources. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 1995), Taipei, pp. 251–260. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pietriga, E., Bizer, C., Karger, D.R., Lee, R.: Fresnel: a browser-independent presentation vocabulary for RDF. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2006), Athens, GA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4273, pp. 158–171. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Quan, D.A., Karger, R.: How to make a semantic web browser. In: WWW 2004: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2004), New York, pp. 255–265. ACM, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Quilitz, B., Leser, U.: Querying distributed RDF data sources with SPARQL. In: Proceedings of the Fifth European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2008), Tenerife. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5021, pp. 524–538. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Raimond, Y., Sutton, C., Sandler, M.: Interlinking music-related data on the web. IEEE Multimedia 16, 52–63 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Rescorla, E.: HTTP over TLS. RFC 2818. Internet Engineering Task Force (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Sagonas, K., Swift, T., Warren, D.S.: XSB as an efficient deductive database engine. SIGMOD Rec. 23(2), 442–453 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Schenk, S., Saathoff, C., Staab, S., Scherp, A.: Semaplorer – interactive semantic exploration of data and media based on a federated cloud infrastructure. J. Web Semant. 7(4), 298–304 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Schenk, S., Staab, S.: Networked graphs: a declarative mechanism for SPARQL rules, SPARQL views and RDF data integration on the web. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2008), Beijing, pp. 585–594. ACM, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Schraefel, M., Golbeck, J., Degler, D., Bernstein, A., Rutledge, L.: Semantic web user interactions: exploring HCI challenges. In: Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, (CHI 2008), Atlanta, pp. 3929–3932. ACM, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Seaborne, A., Manjunath, G., Bizer, C., Breslin, J., Das, S., Davis, I., Harris, S., Idehen, K., Corby, O., Kjernsmo, K., Nowack, B.: SPARQL update – a language for updating RDF graphs, W3C Member Submission. http://www.w3.org/Submission/SPARQL-Update/ (July 2008)

  73. Selberg, E., Etzioni, O.: Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 1995), Boston, pp. 195–208 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  74. SPARQL: SPARQL query language for RDF, W3C Recommendation. http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ (Jan 2008)

  75. Stefaner, M., Ferr, S., Perugini, S., Koren, J., Zhang, Y.: User interface design. In: Dynamic Taxonomies and Faceted Search: Theory, Practice, and Experience. The Information Retrieval Series, vol. 25, pp. 75–112. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) (Chap. 4)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  76. Story, H., Harbulot, B., Jacobi, I., Jones, M.: FOAF+TLS: RESTful authentication for the Social Web. In: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Trust and Privacy on the Social and Semantic Web (SPOT 2009), Heraklion (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  77. Stuckenschmidt, H., Vdovjak, R., Broekstra, J., Houben, G.-J.: Towards distributed processing of RDF path queries. Int. J. Web Eng. Technol. 2(2–3), 207–230 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Virtuoso: Virtuoso universal server. http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/

  79. Volz, J., Bizer, C., Gaedke, M., Kobilarov, G.: Discovering and maintaining links on the web of data. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2009), Chantilly. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5823, pp. 650–665. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Wiederhold, G.: Mediators in the architecture of future information systems. Computer 25(3), 38–49 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Yee, K.-P., Swearingen, K., Li, K., Hearst, M.: Faceted metadata for image search and browsing. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2003), Ft. Lauderdale, pp. 401–408. ACM, New York (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AIFB Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Englerstr. 11, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Andreas Harth

  2. Institute for Web Science and Technologies - WeST, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, 56070, Koblenz, Germany

    Maciej Janik & Steffen Staab

Authors
  1. Andreas Harth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maciej Janik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Steffen Staab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Harth .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK

    John Domingue

  2. STI Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Dieter Fensel

  3. Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA

    James A. Hendler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Harth, A., Janik, M., Staab, S. (2011). Semantic Web Architecture. In: Domingue, J., Fensel, D., Hendler, J.A. (eds) Handbook of Semantic Web Technologies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92913-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation