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Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods pp 711–787Cite as

Biogenic Impact on Materials

  • Reference work entry

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Materials as constituents of products or components of technical systems rarely exist in isolation and many must cope with exposure in the natural world. This chapter describes methods that simulate how a material is influenced through contact with living systems such as microorganisms and arthropods. Both unwanted and desirable interactions are considered. This biogenic impact on materials is intimately associated with the environment to which the material is exposed (Materials-Environment Interaction, Chap. 15). Factors such as moisture, temperature and availability of food sources all have a significant influence on biological systems. Corrosion (Chap. 12) and wear (Chap. 13) can also be induced or enhanced in the presence of microorganisms. Section 14.1 introduces the categories between desired (biodegradation) and undesired (biodeterioration) biological effects on materials. It also introduces the role of biocides for the protection of materials. Section 14.2 describes the testing of wood as a building material especially against microorganisms and insects. Section 14.3 characterizes the test methodologies for two other groups of organic materials, namely polymers (Sect. 14.3.1) and paper and textiles (Sect. 14.3.2). Section 14.4 deals with the susceptibility of inorganic materials such as metals (Sect. 14.4.1), concrete (Sect. 14.4.2) and ceramics (Sect. 14.4.3) to biogenic impact. Section 14.5 treats the testing methodology concerned with the performance of coatings and coating materials. In many of these tests specific strains of organisms are employed. It is vital that these strains retain their ability to utilize/attack the substrate from which they were isolated, even when kept for many years in the laboratory. Section 14.6 therefore considers the importance of maintaining robust and representative test organisms that are as capable of utilizing a substrate as their counterparts in nature such that realistic predictions of performance can be made.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

AFNOR:

Association Française de Normalisation

ARDRA:

amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

CEN:

European Standardisation Organisation

DIN:

Deutsches Institut für Normung

DOC:

dissolved organic carbon

EPS:

extracellular polymeric substances

FISH:

fluorescence in situ hybridization

GC:

gas chromatography

IBRG:

International Biodeterioration Research Group

ICR:

ion cyclotron resonance

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

JIS:

Japanese Standardization Organization

MIC:

microbially induced corrosion

MITI:

Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan

MOE:

modulus of elasticity

OECD:

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

PVC:

polyvinyl chloride

RAPD:

random amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLP:

restriction fragment length polymorphism

RH:

relative humidity

SCLM:

scanning confocal laser microscopy

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

UNI:

Ente Nationale Italiano di Unificazione

VOC:

volatile organic carbon

rRNA:

ribosomal RNA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division IV.1 Biology in Materials Protection and Environmental Issues, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany

    Ina Stephan Dr.

  2. IMSL, Industrial Microbiological Services Limited, Pale Lane, RG27 8DH, Hartley Wintney, Hants, UK

    Peter Askew

  3. Geomicrobiology, ICBM, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany

    Anna Gorbushina Prof.

  4. Landreiterweg 22, 12353, Berlin, Germany

    Manfred Grinda Dipl.

  5. Division IV.1, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany

    Horst Hertel Ph.D.

  6. Material Ecology, BIOGEMA, Lindenweg 16a, 26188, Edewecht, Germany

    Wolfgang Krumbein Prof.

  7. TU-BCE, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Mascheroder Weg 1, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Rolf-Joachim Müller Dr.

  8. Division IV.1, Materials and Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12205, Berlin, Germany

    Michael Pantke Dipl.

  9. Environmental Compatibility of Materials, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany

    Rüdiger (Rudy) Plarre

  10. Laboratory for Corrosion Protection, Iserlohn University of Applied Sciences, Frauenstuhlweg 31, 8644, Iserlohn, Germany

    Guenter Schmitt Prof.

  11. Division IV.1 Materials and Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12205, Berlin, Germany

    Karin Schwibbert Dr.

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  1. Ina Stephan Dr.
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ina Stephan Dr. , Peter Askew , Anna Gorbushina Prof. , Manfred Grinda Dipl. , Horst Hertel Ph.D. , Wolfgang Krumbein Prof. , Rolf-Joachim Müller Dr. , Michael Pantke Dipl. , Rüdiger (Rudy) Plarre , Guenter Schmitt Prof. or Karin Schwibbert Dr. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Precision Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, TFH Berlin, Luxemburger Strasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany

    Horst Czichos Prof.

  2. National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Tetsuya Saito

  3. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, US

    Leslie Smith

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Stephan, I. et al. (2006). Biogenic Impact on Materials. In: Czichos, H., Saito, T., Smith, L. (eds) Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30300-8_14

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