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Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities pp 3–16Cite as

Impact of Sleep in Children

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Abstract

We are far from full understanding of the neurophysiology of the sleep state and the transition between sleeping and waking states. The convolutedness of this interplay is increasingly shown in studies of sleep-wake state organization. Increasingly more studies, however, indicate that how we (re)act, think, feel, and perceive is affected by poor sleep. Sleep impacts wakefulness, and subsequent sleep, and so forth, in a potentially cyclic relationship which may eventually impair a child’s overall development. Therefore, an important question in understanding the impact of sleep might be whether dysfunction is related to sleepiness and/or sleeplessness? Investigating several sleep parameters (e.g., sleep offset latency) and hallmarks of sleep (e.g., sleep spindles) across the life span may aid our understanding, but thus far scientific findings are scant. In children with developmental disabilities, poor sleep is often accompanied by a plethora of other problems which can cause, coexist with, or proceed from poor sleep in both subjective (e.g., perception of drowsiness) and objective (e.g., changes in sleep structure) manners. In general, poor sleep may generate more diverse types of poor performance and may result in poor performance of a greater severity than in those subjects without sleep problems. In summary, considering this sleep-wake interplay may foster a growing understanding of the relationship between aberrant brain networks and phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disability. In this chapter we give an overview of the (potential) developmental impact of poor sleep, sleeplessness and sleepiness in children.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

CAP:

Cyclic alternating pattern

NREM:

Non-rapid eye movement

REM:

Rapid eye movement

SDB:

Sleep-disordered breathing

SWA:

Slow-wave activity

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  1. Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292 – Waking Team, University Claude Bernard, School of Medicine, Lyon, France

    Karen Spruyt PhD

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  1. Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA

    Jennifer A. Accardo

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Spruyt, K. (2019). Impact of Sleep in Children. In: Accardo, J. (eds) Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98414-8_1

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