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Assessment of Water Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Gharaso River, Northern Iran

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Book cover Urban Ecology, Water Quality and Climate Change

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 84))

Abstract

The Gorgan Rod River, located in northern Iran in Golestan Province, is the largest watershed in the province, which its water quality is affected by natural and anthropogenic changes. Water samples were taken between 1984 and 2008 from 18 sampling stations, along the Gorgan Rod River. Determination of non-principal and principal monitoring stations was carried out for the Gorgan Rod watershed, south-east of the Caspian Sea. Water quality parameters including EC, TDS, bicarbonate, carbonate, chloride, total hardness, calcium, potassium, sodium, sodium adsorption ratio, sulfate, pH, and magnesium were measured. The graphic representations obtained underline that (i) PCA (principal component analysis) is associated with the natural and anthropogenic changes in the different stations; and (ii) the locations of the different stations studied are consistent with their apparent features. The results indicated that water quality in Basir Abad, Agh Ghala, Haji Ghochan, and Bagh Salian stations was of the poorest among other stations because of anthropogenic effects. The best water quality was observed in Ramian, Araz Kose, Nawda, Pas Poshtah, Lezore, Glikesh, and Tangrah stations because there were no changes in land uses.

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Abbreviations

CA:

Cluster analysis

Ca+2 :

Calcium

Cl−1 :

Chloride

EC:

Electrical conductivity

\({{\text{HCO}}_{3}}^{ - 1}\) :

Bicarbonate

CO−3 :

Carbonate

K+1 :

Potassium

Mg+2 :

Magnesium

Na+1 :

Sodium

PCA:

Principal component

SAR:

Sodium adsorption ratio

\({{\text{SO}}_{4}}^{ - 2}\) :

Sulfate

T-Hard:

Total hardness

Temp:

Temperature

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Soil Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran

    Soheila Ebrahimi, Behroz Behtari Nejad & Hamed Bagmohammadi

  2. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Yones Khaledian

  3. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran

    Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh

  4. Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India

    Usha Natesan

  5. Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran

    Nabee Basatnia

Authors
  1. Yones Khaledian
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  2. Soheila Ebrahimi
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  3. Usha Natesan
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  4. Nabee Basatnia
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  5. Behroz Behtari Nejad
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  6. Hamed Bagmohammadi
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  7. Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yones Khaledian .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Arup K. Sarma

  2. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    Vijay P. Singh

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Rajib K. Bhattacharjya

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Suresh A. Kartha

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Khaledian, Y. et al. (2018). Assessment of Water Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Gharaso River, Northern Iran. In: Sarma, A., Singh, V., Bhattacharjya, R., Kartha, S. (eds) Urban Ecology, Water Quality and Climate Change. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 84. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74494-0_18

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