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Cushing Syndrome in Childhood

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Pediatric Endocrinology

Abstract

Cushing syndrome is a multisystem disorder resulting from the body’s prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids. It is characterized by truncal obesity, growth deceleration, striae, muscle weakness, and hypertension. Most commonly, Cushing syndrome in childhood results from the exogenous administration of glucocorticoids. In this chapter, we present the causes and discuss the treatment of endogenous Cushing syndrome. The most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome in children is adrenocorticotropin overproduction from a pituitary adenoma, known as Cushing disease, accounts for approximately 75% of all cases of Cushing syndrome in children older than 7 years. Cushing syndrome may also be due to adrenal hypersecretion of cortisol secondary to carcinoma, adenoma, or hyperplasia, especially in younger children. Finally, the most infrequent form of Cushing syndrome is due to ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotropin and/or corticotropin releasing factor. Genetic causes of Cushing syndrome are increasingly identified, including somatic and germline mutations. Early identification and treatment of Cushing syndrome is imperative for successful treatment and optimization of growth and cardiovascular health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Endocrinology, Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Maya Lodish MD, MHSc

  2. Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Margaret F. Keil RN, PNP, PhD

  3. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Genetics and Endocrinology (SEGEN), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Constantine A. Stratakis MD, DMSci

Authors
  1. Maya Lodish MD, MHSc
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  2. Margaret F. Keil RN, PNP, PhD
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  3. Constantine A. Stratakis MD, DMSci
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Correspondence to Constantine A. Stratakis MD, DMSci .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Sally Radovick

  2. Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Madhusmita Misra

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Lodish, M., Keil, M.F., Stratakis, C.A. (2018). Cushing Syndrome in Childhood. In: Radovick, S., Misra, M. (eds) Pediatric Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73782-9_15

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