Skip to main content

Soft X-Ray Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Composition Imaging in Three Dimensions (3D) at the Nanoscale

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
X-Ray Lasers 2016 (ICXRL 2016)

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Physics ((SPPHY,volume 202))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Analytical probes capable of assessing the molecular composition and mapping it in 3D at the nanoscale will transform materials research, biology, and medicine. Herein, we describe recent advances of soft X-ray laser ablation mass spectral imaging that highlight the unique capabilities of the method to identify intact molecular content in dielectrics and fullerenes and to map the molecular composition of single microorganisms in 3D at the nanoscale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Heinbuch, S., Grisham, M., Martz, D., Rocca, J.J.: Demonstration of a desk-top size high repetition rate soft X-ray laser. Opt. Express 13, 4050 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Martz, D.H., Alessi, D., Luther, B.M., Wang, Y., Kemp, D., Berrill, M., Rocca, J.J.: High-energy 13.9 nm table-top soft-X-ray laser at 2.5 Hz repetition rate excited by a slab-pumped Ti:sapphire laser. Opt. Lett. 35, 1632 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Benware, B.R., Macchietto, C.D., Moreno, C.H., Rocca, J.J.: Demonstration of a high average power tabletop soft X-ray laser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5804 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Curtis, A.H., Reagan, B.A., Wernsing, K.A., Furch, F.J., Luther, B.M., Rocca, J.J.: Demonstration of a compact 100 Hz, 0.1 J, diode-pumped picosecond laser. Opt. Lett. 36, 2164 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Macchietto, C.D., Benware, B.R., Rocca, J.J.: Generation of millijoule-level soft-X-ray laser pulses at a 4-Hz repetition rate in a highly saturated tabletop capillary discharge amplifier. Opt. Lett. 24, 1115 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Reagan, B.A., Wernsing, K.A., Curtis, A.H., Furch, F.J., Luther, B.M., Patel, D., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J.: Demonstration of a 100 Hz repetition rate gain-saturated diode-pumped table-top soft X-ray laser. Opt. Lett. 37, 3624 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Baumgarten, C., Pedicone, M., Bravo, H., Wang, H.C., Yin, L., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J., Reagan, B.A.: 1 J, 0.5 kHz repetition rate picosecond laser. Opt. Lett. 41, 3339 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rocca, J.J., Wang, Y., Larotonda, M.A., Luther, B.M., Berrill, M., Alessi, D.: Saturated 13.2 nm high-repetition-rate laser in nickellike cadmium (30, 2581, 2005). Opt. Lett. 31, 129 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Furch, F.J., Reagan, B.A., Luther, B.M., Curtis, A.H., Meehan, S.P., Rocca, J.J.: Demonstration of an all-diode-pumped soft X-ray laser. Opt. Lett. 34, 3352 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Vaschenko, G., Brizuela, F., Brewer, C., Grisham, M., Mancini, H., Menoni, C.S., Marconi, M.C., Rocca, J.J., Chao, W., Liddle, J.A., Anderson, E.H., Attwood, D.T., Vinogradov, A.V., Artioukov, I.A., Pershyn, Y.P., Kondratenko, V.V.: Nanoimaging with a compact extreme-ultraviolet laser. Opt. Lett. 30, 2095 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Vaschenko, G., Brewer, C., Brizuela, F., Wang, Y., Larotonda, M.A., Luther, B.M., Marconi, M.C., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S.: Sub-38 nm resolution tabletop microscopy with 13 nm wavelength laser light. Opt. Lett. 31, 1214 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wachulak, P.W., Capeluto, M.G., Marconi, M.C., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J.: Patterning of nano-scale arrays by table-top extreme ultraviolet laser interferometric lithography. Opt. Express 15, 3465 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wachulak, P.W., Marconi, M.C., Bartels, R.A., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J.: Volume extreme ultraviolet holographic imaging with numerical optical sectioning. Opt. Express 15, 10622 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brewer, C.A., Brizuela, F., Wachulak, P., Martz, D.H., Chao, W., Anderson, E.H., Attwood, D.T., Vinogradov, A.V., Artyukov, I.A., Ponomareko, A.G., Kondratenko, V.V., Marconi, M.C., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S.: Single-shot extreme ultraviolet laser imaging of nanostructures with wavelength resolution. Opt. Lett. 33, 518 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wachulak, P., Grisham, M., Heinbuch, S., Martz, D., Rockward, W., Hill, D., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S., Anderson, E., Marconi, M.: Interferometric lithography with an amplitude division interferometer and a desktop extreme ultraviolet laser. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 25, B104 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brizuela, F., Wang, Y., Brewer, C.A., Pedaci, F., Chao, W., Anderson, E.H., Liu, Y., Goldberg, K.A., Naulleau, P., Wachulak, P., Marconi, M.C., Attwood, D.T., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S.: Inspection 13.2 nm table-top full-field microscope. In: Schellenberg, F.M., LaFontaine, B.M. (eds.) Alternative Lithographic Technologies (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Brizuela, F., Wang, Y., Brewer, C.A., Pedaci, F., Chao, W., Anderson, E.H., Liu, Y., Goldberg, K.A., Naulleau, P., Wachulak, P., Marconi, M.C., Attwood, D.T., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S.: Microscopy of extreme ultraviolet lithography masks with 13.2 nm tabletop laser illumination. Opt. Lett. 34, 271 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Urbanski, L., Isoyan, A., Stein, A., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S., Marconi, M.C.: Defect-tolerant extreme ultraviolet nanoscale printing. Opt. Lett. 37, 3633 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Malm, E.B., Monserut, N., Brown, C.G., Wachulak, P.W., Xu, H., Balakrishnan, G., Chao, W., Anderson, E.H., Marconi, M.C.: Tabletop single-shot soft X-ray holography with a large field of view. Opt. Express 21, 9959 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kuznetsov, I., Filevich, J., Dong, F., Woolston, M., Chao, W., Anderson, E.H., Bernstein, E.R., Crick, D.C., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S.: Three-dimensional nanoscale molecular imaging by extreme ultraviolet laser ablation mass spectrometry. Nat. Commun. 6, 6944 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Castner, D.G., Ratner, B.D.: Biomedical surface science: foundations to frontiers. Surf. Sci. 500, 28–60 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Becker, J.S.: Inorganic Mass Spectrometry. Wiley (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  23. McDonnell, L.A., Heeren, R.M.A.: Imaging mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 26, 606 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Juha, L., Bittner, M., Chvostova, D., Krasa, J., Otcenasek, Z., Prag, A.R., Ullschmied, J., Pientka, Z., Krzywinski, J., Pelka, J.B., Wawro, A., Grisham, M.E., Vaschenko, G., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J.: Ablation of organic polymers by 46.9-nm-laser radiation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 034109 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Faenov, A.Y., Inogamov, N.A., Zhakhovskii, V.V., Khokhlov, V.A., Nishihara, K., Kato, Y., Tanaka, M., Pikuz, T.A., Kishimoto, M., Ishino, M., Nishikino, M., Nakamura, T., Fukuda, Y., Bulanov, S.V., Kawachi, T.: Low-threshold ablation of dielectrics irradiated by picosecond soft X-ray laser pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 231107 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Inogamov, N.A., Faenov, A.Y., Khokhlov, V.A., Zhakhovskii, V.V., Petrov, Y.V., Skobelev, I.Y., Nishihara, K., Kato, Y., Tanaka, M., Pikuz, T.A., Kishimoto, M., Ishino, M., Nishikino, M., Fukuda, Y., Bulanov, S.V., Kawachi, T., Artisimov, S.I., Fortov, V.E.: Spallative ablation of metals and dielectrics. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 49, 455 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Inogamov, N.A., Faenov, A.Y., Zhakhovskii, V.V., Skobelev, I.Y., Khokhlov, V.A., Kato, Y., Tanaka, M., Pikuz, T.A., Kishimoto, M., Ishino, M., Nishikino, M., Fukuda, Y., Bulanov, S.V., Kawachi, T., Petrov, Y.V., Anisimov, S.I., Fortov, V.E.: Interaction of short laser pulses in wavelength range from infrared to X-ray with metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 51, 361 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Inogamov, N.A., Zhakhovsky, V.V., Faenov, A.Y., Khokhlov, V.A., Shepelev, V.V., Skobelev, I.Y., Kato, Y., Tanaka, M., Pikuz, T.A., Kishimoto, M., Ishino, M., Nishikino, M., Fukuda, Y., Bulanov, S.V., Kawachi, T., Petrov, Y.V., Anisimov, S.I., Fortov, V.E.: Spallative ablation of dielectrics by X-ray laser. Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. 101, 87 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ishino, M., Faenov, A.Y., Tanaka, M., Hasegawa, N., Nishikino, M., Tamotsu, S., Pikuz, T.A., Inogamov, N.A., Zhakhovsky, V.V., Skobelev, I.Y., Fortov, V.E., Khohlov, V.A., Shepelev, V.V., Ohba, T., Kaihori, T., Ochi, Y., Imazono, T., Kawachi, T.: Nanoscale surface modifications and formation of conical structures at aluminum surface induced by single shot exposure of soft X-ray laser pulse. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 013504 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ishino, M., Faenov, A.Y., Tanaka, M., Tamotsu, S., Hasegawa, N., Nishikino, M., Pikuz, T.A., Kaihori, T., Kawachi, T.: Observations of surface modifications induced by the multiple pulse irradiation using a soft picosecond X-ray laser beam. Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. 110, 179 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Norman, G., Starikov, S., Stegailov, V., Fortov, V., Skobelev, I., Pikuz, T., Faenov, A., Tamotsu, S., Kato, Y., Ishino, M., Tanaka, M., Hasegawa, N., Nishikino, M., Ohba, T., Kaihori, T., Ochi, Y., Imazono, T., Fukuda, Y., Kando, M., Kawachi, T.: Nanomodification of gold surface by picosecond soft X-ray laser pulse. J. Appl. Phys. 112, 013104 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tomita, T., Yamamoto, M., Hasegawa, N., Terakawa, K., Minami, Y., Nishikino, M., Ishino, M., Kaihori, T., Ochi, Y., Kawachi, T., Yamagiwa, M., Suemoto, T.: Experimental verification of femtosecond laser ablation schemes by time-resolved soft X-ray reflective imaging. Opt. Express 20, 29329 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Berrill, M., Brizuela, F., Langdon, B., Bravo, H., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J.: Warm photoionized plasmas created by soft-X-ray laser irradiation of solid targets. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. 25, B32 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gartside, L.M.R., Tallents, G.J., Rossall, A.K., Wagenaars, E., Whittaker, D.S., Kozlova, M., Nejdl, J., Sawicka, M., Polan, J., Kalal, M., Rus, B.: Extreme ultraviolet interferometry of warm dense matter in laser plasmas. Opt. Lett. 35, 3820 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Reichling, M., Sils, J., Johansen, H., Matthias, E.: Nanosecond UV laser damage and ablation from fluoride crystals polished by different techniques. Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. 69, S743 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Dong, F., Heinbuch, S., Rocca, J.J., Bernstein, E.R.: Single photon ionization of van der Waals clusters with a soft X-ray laser: (SO2)(n) and (SO2)(n)(H2O)(m). J. Chem. Phys. 125, 154317 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Vaschenko, G., Etxarri, A.G., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J., Hemberg, O., Bloom, S., Chao, W., Anderson, E.H., Attwood, D.T., Lu, Y., Parkinson, B.: Nanometer-scale ablation with a table-top soft X-ray laser. Opt. Lett. 31, 3615 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hertel, I.V., Steger, H., Devries, J., Weisser, B., Menzel, C., Kamke, B., Kamke, W.: Giant plasmon excitation in free c-60 and c-70 molecules studied by photoionization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 784 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wurz, P., Lykke, K.R.: Multiphoton excitation, dissociation, and ionization of C-60. J. Phys. Chem. 96, 10129 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Juranic, P.N., Lukic, D., Barger, K., Wehlitz, R.: Multiple photoionization and fragmentation of C-60 in the 18–280-eV range. Phys. Rev. A 73, 042701 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Raebiger, J.W., Alford, J.M., Bolskar, R.D., Diener, M.D.: Chemical redox recovery of giant, small-gap and other fullerenes. Carbon 49, 37 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Beck, R.D., Weis, P., Brauchle, G., Kappes, M.M.: Mechanistic aspects of fullerene coalescence upon ultraviolet-laser desorption from thin-films. J. Chem. Phys. 100, 262 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Green, T., Kuznetsov, I., Willingham, D., Naes, B.E., Eiden, G.C., Zhu, Z., Chao, W., Rocca, J.J., Menoni, C.S., Duffin, A.M.: Characterization of extreme ultraviolet laser ablation mass spectrometry for actinide trace analysis and nanoscale isotopic imaging. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 32, 1092 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. S. Menoni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Menoni, C.S. et al. (2018). Soft X-Ray Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Composition Imaging in Three Dimensions (3D) at the Nanoscale. In: Kawachi, T., Bulanov, S., Daido, H., Kato, Y. (eds) X-Ray Lasers 2016. ICXRL 2016. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 202. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73025-7_34

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics