Skip to main content

Green Energy Water-Autonomous Greenhouse System: An Alternative Technology Approach Toward Sustainable Smart–Green Vertical Greening in a Smart City

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Strategies for Sustainability ((SPPSDE))

Abstract

By means of “going greener,” “getting smarter,” and “converging smart–green,” an innovation-driven smart city could take steps toward greater sustainability and aim at greater human well-being. Vertical greening means a vertical triumph of greenery in a high-density urban area; it is well suited to displaying the level of smartness and greenness in a city. But conventional vertical greening is used in an open-field way, unprotected, threatened by climate disasters such as high wind speed and heavy rainfall, and with lack of control of climate conditions and plant-response-based circumstances. Then there are the challenges of energy saving, reduced CO2 emissions, and reductions in water use and in pesticide use. A greenhouse system could instead solve different facets of the problems of conventional vertical greening because a greenhouse system could be developed to achieve an optimal balance between efficient environmental control and efficient plant use of available resources. This appears to be more intellectually justifiable, adaptable, and innovative, and appears to make it much easier to be smart–green and sustainable in a smart city. The purposes of this chapter are to summarize the major concepts and trends in smart city, vertical greening, and new greenhouse technologies and approaches by reviewing relevant subjects of research, and to present a novel prototype, discussing its innovations and advantages to reveal that the proposed green energy water-autonomous greenhouse system (GEWA system), being a sophisticated and multidisciplinary system by using water resources and solar energy in a rational way, could be fit for an alternative technology approach toward sustainable smart–green vertical greening in a smart city. Aimed at improving responsiveness, efficiency, and performance for environmental sustainability, resource sustainability, and material and technological sustainability, and also aimed at greater well-being.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Abdel-Ghany AM, Al-Helal IM (2011) Solar energy utilization by a greenhouse: general relation. Renew Energy 36:189–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attmann O (2010) Green architecture: advanced technologies and materials. McGraw-Hill Education, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Baeza EJ, Perez Parra J et al (2009) Analysis of the role of sidewall vents on buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in parral-type greenhouses with and without insect screens using computational fluid dynamics. Biosyst Eng 104:86–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker JC, Adams SR et al (2008) Innovative technologies for an efficient use of energy. Acta Hortic 801(1):49–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balas MM (2014) Seven passive greenhouse synergies. Acta Polytechnica 11:199–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz M, Zaragoza G et al (2004) Thermal control of an isolated greenhouse for optimized food production and greywater recycling: the Watergy project, International Astronautical Federation—55th International Astronautical Congress 2004, vol 3, pp 1681–1688

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz M, Buchholz R et al (2006) Temperature and humidity control in the watergy greenhouse. Acta Hortic 719:401–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz M, Schmidt M et al (2008) Overcoming drought. Implementation guide of the “Cycler Support” project, RTD FP 6-INCO. Ref. Nr. 031697

    Google Scholar 

  • Caragliu A, Del Bo C, Nijkamp P (2009) Smart Cities in Europe, Series Res

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacomelli G (2007) Innovation in greenhouse engineering for GreenSys2007, New AG International, GreenSys pages at: www.newaginternational.com

  • Hatzelhoffer L, Humboldt K et al (2012) Smart city in practice. Jovis Verlag GmbH, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemming S, Speetjens SL et al (2014) Greenhouse design for vegetable production in subtropical climate in Taiwan. Acta Hortic 1037:65–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jochum P, Buchholz M (2005) How to simulate thermal and fluid dynamical processes in closed greenhouses including water interactions between plants and air. Acta Hortic 691:553–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katsoulas N, Sapounas A et al (2015) Reducing ventilation requirements in semi-closed greenhouses increases water use efficiency. Agric Water Manag 156:90–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwok AG, Grondzik WT (2011) The green studio handbook. Taylor & Francis, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamnatou C, Chemisana D (2013) Solar radiation manipulations and their role in greenhouse claddings: fluorescent solar concentrators, photoselective and other materials. Renew Sust Energ Rev 27:175–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meadows DH (2008) Thinking in systems—a primer. Chelsea Green Publishing, White River Junction

    Google Scholar 

  • Montero JI, Van Henten EJ et al (2011) Greenhouse engineering: new technologies and approaches. Acta Hortic 893:51–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opdam JJG, Schoonderbeek GG et al (2005) Closed greenhouse: a starting point for sustainable entrepreneurship in horticulture. Acta Hortic 691:517–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orgaz F, Fernandez MD et al (2005) Evapotranspiration of horticultural crops in an unheated plastic greenhouse. Agric Water Manag 72:81–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng KH, Kuo YC et al (2015) The use of vertical greening in urban rehabilitation to improve sustainability of the environment in Taiwan. Int Rev Spat Plan Sustain Dev 3(1):5–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perez Parra J, Baeza E et al (2004) Natural ventilation of parral greenhouses. Biosyst Eng 87(3):355–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speetjens SL, Stigter JD et al (2009) Towards an adaptive model for greenhouse control. Comput Electron Agric 67:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speetjens SL, Stigter JD et al (2010) Physics-based model for a water-saving greenhouse. Biosyst Eng 105:149–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tantau HJ, Schmidt U et al (2011) Low energy greenhouse—a system approach. Acta Hortic 893:75–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teitel M, Ziskind G et al (2008) Effect of wind direction on greenhouse ventilation rate, airflow patterns and temperature distributions. Biosyst Eng 101:351–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teitel M, Baeza EJ et al (2012) Greenhouse design: concepts and trends. Acta Hortic 952:605–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vadiee A, Martin V (2012) Energy management in horticulture applications through the closed greenhouse concept, state of the art. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:5087–5100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vadiee A, Martin V (2013) Thermal energy storage strategies for effective closed greenhouse design. Appl Energy 109:337–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kooten O, Heuvelink E et al (2008) New developments in greenhouse technology can mitigate the water shortage problem of the 21st century. Acta Hortic 767:45–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaragoza G, Buchholz M (2008) Closed greenhouses for semi-arid climates: critical discussion following the results of the Watergy prototype. Acta Hortic 797:37–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaragoza G, Baeza E et al (2005) The Watergy greenhouse: a closed system for solar thermal energy collection, water treatment and advanced horticulture. In: SAE international conference on environmental systems, paper #: 2005-01-2919

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaragoza G, Buchholz M et al (2007) Watergy project: towards a rational use of water in greenhouse agriculture and sustainable architecture. Desalination 211:296–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to KuangHui Peng .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hung, P., Peng, K. (2018). Green Energy Water-Autonomous Greenhouse System: An Alternative Technology Approach Toward Sustainable Smart–Green Vertical Greening in a Smart City. In: Shen, Z., Huang, L., Peng, K., Pai, J. (eds) Green City Planning and Practices in Asian Cities. Strategies for Sustainability(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70025-0_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics