Skip to main content

Democratizing Government: What We Know About E-Government and Civic Engagement

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Civic engagement is an ideal that is sought after as the fundamental basis of democratic societies. Civic engagement is, however, difficult to attain both from the perspective of citizens’ willingness and ability to participate and government’s ability to generate such engagement. E-government can play a role in enhancing civic engagement by allowing more and better opportunities for the same. In this chapter, I explore the theoretical and empirical literature on civic engagement, e-government, and their interaction. In the process, I identify key debates surrounding civic engagement through e-government, reveal some of the nuances associated with it, and through an operationalization of civic engagement through e-government, highlight the tools and techniques that are used to achieve it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    See (Bachen et al. 2008) for a conceptualization of youth civic engagement.

  2. 2.

    See (Kennedy 2007) for a list of public participation techniques and see (Coleman 1999) for a different version of this conceptualization.

  3. 3.

    One source for scholars interested in evaluating cases of participation in e-Governance is “Participedia,”which serves as a portal for decentralized collaborative decision making. It contains a roster of participatory governance cases from around the world. Please see: http://participedia.net/en. For a peer reviewed assessment of the Participedia project, see Fung and Warren (2011).

References

  • Abramson, J. B., Arterton, F. C., & Orren, G. R. (1988). The electronic commonwealth: The impact of new media technologies on democratic politics. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aladalah, M., Cheung, Y., & Lee, V. (2015). Enabling citizen participation in Gov. 2.0: An empowerment perspective. The Electronic Journal of e-Government, 13(2), 77–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R., & Leigh, A. (2003). Customer-oriented e-Government: Can we ever get there. Journal of Political Marketing, 2(3/4), 159–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachen, C. R., Raphael, C., Lynn, K. M., McKee, C., & Philippi, J. (2008). Civic engagement, pedagogy, and information technology on web sites for youth. Political Communication, 25(3), 290–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. M., Kent, E. P., & Thomson, K. (1993). The rebirth of urban democracy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caba Pérez, M. C., Rodríguez Bolívar, M. P., & López Hernández, A. M. (2010). Transparency and egovernment in developing countries: The case of Latin-American municipalities. In C. G. Reddick (Ed.), Citizens and e-government: Evaluating policy and management. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference (IGI Global).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, S. (1999). Cutting out the middleman: From virtual representation to direct deliberation. In B. N. Hague & B. Loader (Eds.), Digital democracy: Discourse and decision making in the information age. London; New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conroy, M., & Evans-Cowley, J. (2004). Informing and interacting: The use of e-Government for citizen participation in planning. Journal of E-Government, 1(3), 73–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, R. (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56(1), 76–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David, N., Justice, J., & McNutt, J. (2015). Smart cities are transparent cities: The role of fiscal transparency in smart city governance. In M. P. Rodríguez Bolívar (Ed.), Transforming city governments for successful smart cities. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryzek, J. (1999). Transnational democracy. Journal of Political Philosophy, 7(1), 30–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans-Cowley, J., & Conroy, M. (2004). E-government and planning: Key citizen participation issues and applications. Columbus, OH: John Glenn Institute for Public Service and Public Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans-Cowley, J., & Conroy, M. (2006). The growth of e-government in municipal planning. Journal of Urban Technology, 13(1), 81–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Firmstone, J., & Coleman, S. (2015). Public engagement in local government: The voice and influence of citizens in online communicative spaces. Information, Communication & Society, 18(6), 680–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, A. (2015). Putting the public back into governance: The challenges of citizen participation and its future. Public Administration Review, 75(4), 513–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, A., & Warren, M. E. (2011). The participedia project: An introduction. International Public Management Journal, 14(3), 341–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gearhart, S., & Kang, S. (2010). E-government and civic engagement: How is citizens’ use of city web sites related with civic involvement and political behaviors? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greitens, T., & Strachan, J. C. (2011). E-government and citizen engagement: An overview of US states’ government websites. International Journal of Public Administration, 34(1-2), 54–58. doi:10.1080/01900692.2010.524083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heeks, R. (2005). e-Government as a carrier of context. Journal of Public Policy, 25(1), 51–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Held, D. (1987). Models of democracy. Cambridge: Polity in Association with Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiller, J. S., & Bélanger, F. (2001). Privacy strategies for electronic government. Washington, DC: IBM Center for the Business of Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (1999). Consensus building and complex adaptive systems. Journal of the American Planning Association, 65(4), 412–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irvin, R. A., & Stansbury, J. (2004). Citizen participation in decision making: Is it worth the effort? Public Administration Review, 64(1), 55–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, P. T., & Bertot, J. C. (2010). Designing, implementing, and evaluating user-centered and citizen-centered e-government. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 6(2), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. (2015). Local civic participation and democratic legitimacy: Evidence from England and Wales. Political Studies, 63(4), 765–792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, G., & Maloney, W. A. (1996). How bumble-bees fly: Accounting for public interest participation. Political Studies, 44(4), 668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jun, K. N., Wang, F., & Wang, D. (2014). E-Government use and perceived government transparency and service capacity. Public Performance & Management Review, 38(1), 125–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, S., & Gearhart, S. (2010). E-government and civic engagement: How is citizens’ use of city web sites related with civic involvement and political behaviors? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(3), 443–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, S. (2007). Write the rules and win: Understanding citizen participation game dynamics. Public Administration Review, 67(6), 1067–1076.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, C. S., Feltey, K. M., & O’Neil, B. S. (1998). The question of participation: Toward authentic public participation in public administration. Public Administration Review, 58(4), 317–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laris, M. (2009). O brave new world that has such avatars in it! Arlington among governments establishing a virtual presence. The Washington Post.

    Google Scholar 

  • Layne, K., & Lee, J. (2001). Developing fully functional E-government: A four stage model. Government Information Quarterly, 18(2), 122–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levi, M., & Sacks, A. (2009). Legitimating beliefs: Sources and indicators. Regulation & Governance, 3(4), 311–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, M., & Gregor, S. (2011). Outcomes of effective explanations: Empowering citizens through online advice. Decision Support Systems, 52(1), 119–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linders, D. (2012). From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen coproduction in the age of social media. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 446–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macintosh, A. (2004). Characterizing e-participation in policy-making. Paper read at 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, at Hawaii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macintosh, A., & Tambouris, E. (2009). Electronic participation: First international conference, ePart 2009, Linz, Austria, September 1–3, 2009: Proceedings. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malina, A. (1999). Perspectives on citizen democratization and alienation in the public sphere. In B. N. Hague & B. Loader (Eds.), Digital democracy: Discourse and decision making in the information age. London; New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manin, B. (1987). On legitimacy and political deliberation: A sketch of a theory of political deliberation. Political Theory, 15(3), 338–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manza, J., & Cook, F. L. (2002). A democratic polity? Three views of policy responsiveness to public opinion in the United States. American Politics Research, 30(6), 630–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, S. J. (2002). A four-part model of cyber-interactivity: Some cyber-places are more interactive than others. New Media and Society, 4(2), 271–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, K. C., Gottlieb-Robles, B., & Larson, G. P. (2004). Youth as E-citizens: Engaging the digital generation. American University, Center for Social Media, and American University, School of Communication. Washington, DC: Center for Social Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, M. J. (2002). The evolution of e-government among municipalities: Rhetoric or reality? Public Administration Review, 62(4), 424–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Musso, J., Weare, C., & Hale, M. (2000). Designing web technologies for local governance reform: Good management or good democracy? Political Communication, 17(1), 1–19. doi:10.1080/105846000198486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nijkamp, P., & Cohen-Blankshtain, G. (2009). The importance of ICT for cities: E-governance and cyber perceptions. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, P. (2001). Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, P. (2011). Democratic deficit: Critical citizens revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2016). Internet use as a percentage of all households 2014 [cited 7/31/2016 2016]. Retrieved from https://data.oecd.org/ict/internet-access.htm#indicator-chart

  • Pateman, C. (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reece, B. (2006). E-government literature review. Journal of E-Government, 3(1), 69–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, E. (1999). Tools of governance. In B. N. Hague & B. Loader (Eds.), Digital democracy: Discourse and decision making in the information age. London; New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez Bolívar, M. P., Alcaide Muñoz, L., & López Hernández, M. P. (2013). Determinants of financial transparency in government. International Public Management Journal, 16(4), 557–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabatier, P. A. (1988). An advocacy coalition framework of policy change and the role of policy-oriented learning therein. Policy Sciences: Integrating Knowledge and Practice to Advance Human Dignity, 21(2-3), 129–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. K. (2006). “E” the people: Do US municipal government web sites support public involvement? Public Administration Review, 66(3), 341–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Yoon, S. H. (2001). Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and Internet influences. Communication Research, 28(4), 464–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Syed, P., & Whiteley, P. (1997). Political capital formation among British party members. In J. W. van Deth (Ed.), Private groups and public life: Social participation, voluntary associations and political involvement in representative democracies. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J. C. (1995). Public participation in public decisions: New skills and strategies for public managers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, T. R. (2006). Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 375–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau, & File, T. (2013). Computer and Internet use in the United States. Washington, DC: United States Census Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDESA. (2016). Citizen engagement. United Nations 2015 [cited 7/30/2016 2016]. Retrieved from https://publicadministration.un.org/en/eparticipation

  • Wondolleck, J. M., & Yaffee, S. L. (2000). Making collaboration work: Lessons from innovation in natural resource management. Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

David, N. (2018). Democratizing Government: What We Know About E-Government and Civic Engagement. In: Alcaide Muñoz, L., Rodríguez Bolívar, M. (eds) International E-Government Development . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63284-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics