Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lymph Nodes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Practical Fine Needle Aspiration and Small Tissue Biopsies

  • 1225 Accesses

Abstract

Fine needle aspiration and small tissue biopsies have become a popular modality for an initial workup or to achieve a definitive diagnosis of a patient with lymphadenopathy. This chapter delineated cytologic and histologic features of common and rare neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the lymph node. The utilities and pitfalls of commonly used diagnostic immunohistochemical (IHC) stains such as PAX5, LEF1, LMO2, and SOX11, and small diagnostic IHC panels, and flow cytometry were described. Multiple challenging and yet practical cases at the end of the chapter were used to re-emphasize important points illustrated throughout the chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Changes from the 2008 classification.

    Provisional entities are listed in italics.

  2. 2.

    See footnote 2.

  3. 3.

    See footnote 2.

  4. 4.

    See footnote 2.

  5. 5.

    See footnote 2.

  6. 6.

    See footnote 2.

References

  • Alikhan M, Song JY, Sohani AR, Moroch J, Plonquet A, Duffield AS, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas of follicular helper T-cell type frequently display an aberrant CD3−/dimCD4+ population by flow cytometry: an important clue to the diagnosis of a Hodgkin lymphoma mimic. Mod Pathol. 2016;29:1173–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016;127(20):2391–405.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arcaini L, Rossi D, Paulli M. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: from genetics to management. Blood. 2016;127(17):2072–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berndt SI, Skibola CF, Joseph V, Camp NJ, Nieters A, Wang Z, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Genet. 2013;45(8):868–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bigras G, Dong WF, Canil S, Lai R, Morel D, Swanson PE, et al. New MYC IHC classifier integrating quantitative architecture parameters to predict MYC gene translocation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2016.; Epub 2016 May 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bob R, Falini B, Marafioti T, Paterson JC, Pileri S, Stein H. Nodal reactive and neoplastic proliferation of monocytoid and marginal zone B cells: an immunoarchitectural and molecular study highlighting the relevance of IRTA1 and T-bet as positive markers. Histopathology. 2013;63(4):482–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bogusz AM, Bagg A. Genetic aberrations in small B-cell lymphomas and leukemias: molecular pathology, clinical relevance and therapeutic targets. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;27:1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burotto M, Berkovits A, Dunleavy K. Double hit lymphoma: from biology to therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Hematol. 2016:1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Jonge AV, Roosma TJ, Houtenbos I, Vasmel WL, van de Hem K, de Boer JP, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with MYC gene rearrangements: current perspective on treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with MYC gene rearrangements; case series and review of the literature. Eur J Cancer. 2016;55:140–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeMay RM. Lymph node. In:The art and science of cytopathology. 2nd ed. Chicago: ASCP Press; 2010. p. 966–1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunleavy K. Aggressive B cell lymphoma: optimal therapy for MYC-positive, double-hit, and triple-hit DLBCL. Curr Treat Options in Oncol. 2015;16(12):58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyhdalo KS, Lanigan C, Tubbs RR, Cook JR. Immunoarchitectural patterns of germinal center antigens including LMO2 assist in the differential diagnosis of marginal zone lymphoma vs follicular lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2013;140(2):149–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falini B, Agostinelli C, Bigerna B, Pucciarini A, Pacini R, Tabarrini A, et al. IRTA1 is selectively expressed in nodal and extranodal marginal zone lymphomas. Histopathology. 2012;61(5):930–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman A. Follicular lymphoma: 2015 update on diagnosis and management. Am J Hematol. 2015;90(12):1171–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ioachim HL, Medeiros LJ, editors. Ioachim’s lymph node pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins; 2009. p. 1–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain N, Lamb AV, O'Brien S, Ravandi F, Konopleva M, Jabbour E, et al. Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ETP-ALL/LBL) in adolescents and adults: a high-risk subtype. Blood. 2016;127(15):1863–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karnik T, Ozawa MG, Lefterova M, Luna-Fineman S, Alvarez E, Link M, et al. The utility of IgM, CD21, HGAL and LMO2 in the diagnosis of pediatric follicular lymphoma. Hum Pathol. 2015;46(4):629–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menter T, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A. LEF1: a highly specific marker for the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic B cell leukaemia/small lymphocytic B cell lymphoma. J Clin Pathol. 2015a Jun;68(6):473–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Menter T, Gasser A, Juskevicius D, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A. Diagnostic utility of the germinal center-associated markers GCET1, HGAL, and LMO2 in hematolymphoid neoplasms. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2015b;23(7):491–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima MO, Durkin L, Bodo J, Lin J, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fu K, et al. Utility and diagnostic pitfalls of SOX11 monoclonal antibodies in mantle cell lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2014;22(10):720–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swerdlow SH. Diagnosis of 'double hit' diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma: when and how, FISH versus IHC. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2014;2014(1):90–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016a;127(20):2375–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, et al. WHO classification of tumours of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC; in press; expected Spring 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swerdlow SH, Kuzu I, Dogan A, Dirnhofer S, Chan JK, Sander B, et al. The many faces of small B cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation and the contribution of MYD88 testing. Virchows Arch. 2016b;468(3):259–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tandon B, Peterson L, Gao J, Nelson B, Ma S, Rosen S, et al. Nuclear overexpression of lymphoid-enhancer-binding factor 1 identifies chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in small B-cell lymphomas. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(11):1433–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vose JM. Mantle cell lymphoma: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and clinical management. Am J Hematol. 2015;90(8):739–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YH, Liu J, Dawlett M, Guo M, Sun X, Gong Y. The role of SOX11 immunostaining in confirming the diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma on fine-needle aspiration samples. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122(12):892–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zucca E, Bertoni F. The spectrum of MALT lymphoma at different sites: biological and therapeutic relevance. Blood. 2016;127(17):2082–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA

    Xiaohong (Mary) Zhang

  2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA

    Fan Lin

Authors
  1. Xiaohong (Mary) Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fan Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zhang, X.(., Lin, F. (2018). Lymph Nodes. In: Handbook of Practical Fine Needle Aspiration and Small Tissue Biopsies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57386-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57386-1_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57384-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57386-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation