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Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease pp 111–128Cite as

Nutritional Impact on the Nitric Oxide Pathway

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Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

In this chapter, we review the effect of nutritional interventions on vascular homeostasis. We focus on the effect of diet and dietary supplements on endothelial function, and in particular, the activity and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful regulator of vascular homeostasis. By virtue of its ability to activate soluble guanylyl cyclase and increase intracellular cyclic GMP, NO relaxes the underlying vascular smooth muscle to improve vascular compliance and to reduce vascular resistance. In addition, endothelium-derived NO inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation, suppresses leukocyte adhesion and vascular inflammation, and limits the proliferation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells. In summary, there are a wide variety of dietary interventions and supplements that can improve the function of the NOS pathway.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Wing Tak Wong Ph.D. & John P. Cooke M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    John P. Cooke M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Wing Tak Wong Ph.D.
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  2. John P. Cooke M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to John P. Cooke M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Nathan S. Bryan

  2. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Joseph Loscalzo

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Wong, W.T., Cooke, J.P. (2017). Nutritional Impact on the Nitric Oxide Pathway. In: Bryan, N., Loscalzo, J. (eds) Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46189-2_9

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