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Hypertension: A Growing Threat

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Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases constitute currently the leading cause of death, globally. Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for cardiac and renal diseases, and the single most important risk factor for stroke. Thus, it is recognized as a serious threat to public health in many developed and developing countries around the globe that places a heavy economic burden on health systems. In the USA, hypertension-associated hospitalizations have increased dramatically in recent decades. It has been suggested that the ever-increasing prevalence of hypertension is now approaching epidemic proportions. Interestingly, despite available, effective antihypertensive treatment strategies, blood pressure control rates are dismal in every part of the world. In this chapter we examine the existing hypertension prevalence data worldwide and we try to identify and understand the factors that influence its global epidemiology. In addition, we underline the importance of patient education and awareness of hypertension clinical consequences, in order to improve treatment adherence, thereby preventing target organ damage, which can prove fatal.

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Abbreviations

ABP:

Ambulatory Blood Pressure

ACC:

American College of Cardiology

AF:

Atrial Fibrillation

AHA:

American Heart Association

AML/ATOR:

Amlodipine/Atorvastatin

ARIC:

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ASH/ISH:

American Society of Hypertension/International Society of Hypertension

BP:

Blood Pressure

BPV:

Blood Pressure Variability

CAD:

Coronary Artery Disease

CDC:

Center for Disease Control

CHD:

Coronary Heart Disease

CHNS:

China Health and Nutrition Survey

CVD:

Cardiovascular Disease

DBP:

Diastolic Blood Pressure

DM:

Diabetes Mellitus

ESH/ESC:

European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology

HHD:

Hypertensive Heart Disease

HRT:

Hormone Replacement Therapy

HTN:

Hypertension

IHD:

Ischemic Heart Disease

JNC8:

Eighth Joint National Committee

LVH:

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

MH:

Masked Hypertension

MI:

Myocardial Infarction

NHANES:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

PWV:

Pulse Wave Velocity

RAAS:

Renin Angiotensin System

SBP:

Systolic Blood Pressure

SCD:

Sudden Cardiac Death

SHR:

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

TOD:

Target Organ Damage

WCE:

White Coat Effect

WHD:

World Hypertension Day

WHL:

World Hypertension League

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 4th Department of Internal Medicine, “Evangelismos” State General Hospital, AHEPA Building, Room 528 Ipsilantou 45-47, Athens, ATT, 13122, Greece

    Emmanuel A. Andreadis M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Outpatient Clinic, “Evangelismos” State General Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Emmanuel A. Andreadis M.D., Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Emmanuel A. Andreadis M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Fourth Internal Medicine Department, Evangelismos State General Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Emmanuel A. Andreadis

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Andreadis, E.A. (2016). Hypertension: A Growing Threat. In: Andreadis, E. (eds) Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39599-9_1

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