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Problematic Primate Behaviour in Agricultural Landscapes: Chimpanzees as ‘Pests’ and ‘Predators’

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Ethnoprimatology

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

Primate responses to anthropogenic habitat changes such as agriculture occur along a gradient ranging from local extinction where primates are unable to cope with the changing conditions (especially if hunted or persecuted), to apparent benefit where primates show flexible behaviours that enable them to exploit human-dominated landscapes successfully. Understanding the extent of primate flexibility to changing conditions is fundamental for informing effective conservation management. Here, we examine the characteristic behaviours and traits of primates that show the greatest abilities to exploit agricultural landscapes, the so-called primate ‘pests’, i.e. some members of Macaca (macaques), Papio (baboons), and Chlorocebus (vervet and tantalus monkeys). We then consider to what extent chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)—an endangered species of great ape—exhibit traits associated with these most typical pest primates. We further consider the conservation implications of pest-like and other problematic behaviours in chimpanzees, including aggressive and predatory behaviour towards humans and domesticated animals. Recent research reveals chimpanzees can exploit forest–agricultural mosaic landscapes in close proximity to people. In some regions, human cultural beliefs promote tolerance of these apes. However, unlike primates traditionally labelled ‘pests’, chimpanzees do not prosper in such anthropogenic environments. Their slow life history and reproductive rate means they are less likely to recover from reprisal killings and eradication attempts that occur once a ‘tolerance threshold’ is reached, beyond which people are unwilling or unable to accommodate living alongside them. Culturally sensitive conservation actions to promote coexistence should aim to foster tolerance through supporting existing positive attitudes towards these great apes, while working with local people to develop practical measures to mitigate problematic behaviours.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

    Kimberley J. Hockings & Matthew R. McLennan

  2. Departmento de Antropologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Kimberley J. Hockings

  3. Centre for Research in Anthropology (CRIA/FCSH-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal

    Kimberley J. Hockings

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  1. Kimberley J. Hockings
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  2. Matthew R. McLennan
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Correspondence to Kimberley J. Hockings .

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  1. Anthropology, University of Oregon, Bend, Oregon, USA

    Michel T. Waller

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Hockings, K.J., McLennan, M.R. (2016). Problematic Primate Behaviour in Agricultural Landscapes: Chimpanzees as ‘Pests’ and ‘Predators’. In: Waller, M. (eds) Ethnoprimatology. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30469-4_8

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