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Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Modulations in Crops under Salt Stress

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Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture

Abstract

Crop plants are affected by biotic and abiotic stresses (including salinity) and such stresses may affect the growth and yield of these crop plants seriously. High temperature (due to climate change) has also changed the pattern of precipitation and caused rise in sea level. These two factors have impacted soil salinization. To address such problems naturally, the crop plants adapt themselves by different mechanisms including changes in morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Both ions including sodium and chloride are the main ions, that become the reason for many physio-biochemical modulations inside plant tissues, in a similar way, chloride ion is the most dangerous because NaCl releases around 60% more ions in soil comparatively with Na2SO4. An extra amount of such types of salts increases the osmotic potential in soil matrix consequently the water absorbance by plants is reduced that leads towards physiological stresses or drought. This increase of Cl− relates to salt tolerance that is linked to plant growth, water use efficiency, and transpiration. Increasing salinity in the nutrient solution reduces growth directly and restricts leaf and root mineral fixing. In this chapter, we have discussed insights into various kinds of morphological, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical modulations in plants caused by abiotic stresses especially salinity. In the era of climate change, plant scientists should focus on each shotgun approaches as well as long-term genomic techniques to enhance salt tolerance in commercially important crops to ensure food security and sustainable productivity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Rashad Mukhtar Balal & Muhammad Zubair

  2. Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA

    Muhammad Adnan Shahid

  3. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agriculture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Naeem Khan

  4. Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agriculture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Ali Sarkhosh

  5. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan

    Atta Rasool & Mirza Waleed

  6. Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Neil Mattson

  7. Environmental Horticulture, Institute of Food and Agriculture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Celina Gomez

  8. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Muhammad Adnan Bukhari & Wajid Nasim

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  1. Rashad Mukhtar Balal
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  2. Muhammad Adnan Shahid
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  7. Neil Mattson
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  8. Celina Gomez
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  10. Mirza Waleed
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  11. Wajid Nasim
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Correspondence to Muhammad Adnan Shahid .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Wajid Nasim Jatoi

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mubeen

  3. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bangkok, Thailand

    Ashfaq Ahmad

  4. Boreal Ecosystem and Agricultural Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University-Grenfell Campus, Corner Brook, NL, Canada

    Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema

  5. International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Zhaohui Lin

  6. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

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Balal, R.M. et al. (2022). Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Modulations in Crops under Salt Stress. In: Jatoi, W.N., Mubeen, M., Ahmad, A., Cheema, M.A., Lin, Z., Hashmi, M.Z. (eds) Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79408-8_13

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