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Non-coding RNAs at the Cross-Road of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Cancer pp 247–265Cite as

The Impact of Non-coding RNA Networks on Disease Comorbidity: Cardiometabolic Diseases, Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancer

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Abstract

Notably, a cluster of non-coding RNAs is at the cross-road between metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and the cross-road of metabolic diseases and cancer. This cluster consists of the let-7 family, miR-1, miR-7, miR-9, miR-17, miR-21, miR-26, miR-29, miR-30a, miR-34a, miR-124, miR-130, miR-133, miR-143–145, miR-146a, miR-150, miR-155, miR-181 family, miR-221–222, miR-223, miR-378, miR-455, GAS5, HOTAIR, H19, lincRNA-p21, LINC-ROR, MALAT1, MEG3, MIAT, NEAT1, TUG1, UCA1, XIST, ZFAS1, ANRIL, PVT1. This cluster of non-coding RNAs are candidates for inclusion in machine learning approaches. However, their expression profiles may be affected by other inflammatory diseases like Alzheimer's disease, asthma, arthritis, and renal failure. These comorbidities should be included in risk predicting algorithms. Changes in their expression profiles according to disease stage and behavioral and therapeutic changes should also be considered. Although the same non-coding RNAs are involved in cancer's pathogenesis, opposite changes in their expression occur in tumors than in cardiometabolic tissues. The opposite changes in expression of miRs may be especially due to the specific action of lncRNAs and circ-RNAs in tumors. They include BLACAT1, CASC11, HNF1A-AS1, MACC1-AS1, NIFK-AS1, NORAD, SOX21-AS1, ZEB1-AS1, circ-ANAPC7, circ-ITCH, and circ-MTO1. Besides, piRs with PIWI proteins may silence single-stranded RNAs, like lncRNAs, particularly in cancer cells. With many shared modifiable risk factors, cancer and cardiometabolic diseases often coexist in the same individuals. Therefore, combined risk assessments for cancer and cardiometabolic diseases should account for opposite non-coding RNA expression changes. Combined cardiovascular and hemato-oncological risk prediction may have synergistic, preventive public health benefits.

Illustrations by Pieterjan Ginckels, Faculty of Architecture, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium.

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Holvoet, P. (2021). The Impact of Non-coding RNA Networks on Disease Comorbidity: Cardiometabolic Diseases, Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancer. In: Non-coding RNAs at the Cross-Road of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Cancer . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68844-8_10

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