Abstract
Major changes caused by humans in the upper layers of the Earth’s crust, pedosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere are discussed. The environmental effects of mining, energy production and metal processing are analysed. Constructions by the society and their environmental consequences, the transformation of the Earth’s surface are presented. The role of settlements, especially cities in the environmental change and their social and economic significance regarding environmental development is discussed in a subchapter. Interaction of settlements and ecological networks is analysed. Human activities causing soil degradation, the effects of agricultural systems on soils and crop yields are given. Regarding changes in the hydrosphere, the plastic pollution of the world ocean, oil pollution from tankers and derricks are highlighted. Fresh water resources and the degree of water usage together with the reasons of regional water scarcity are analysed. Biosphere modified by humanity and the artificially controlled ecological systems are presented while the reasons for the accelerated destruction of natural wildlife (sixth major extinction period) are analysed. Finally, anthropogenic changes in the gas composition of the atmosphere and climate change, acid deposition, the present and the future of the ozone shield are also discussed.
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Kerényi, A., McIntosh, R.W. (2020). Changes on Earth as a Result of Interaction Between the Society and Nature. In: Sustainable Development in Changing Complex Earth Systems. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21645-0_4
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