Summary
Much of the research devoted to understanding adipose tissue development is currently performed in vitro. Several cell culture models, including preadipocyte cell lines and primary culture of adipose-derived stromal vascular precursor cells, are commonly used to study molecular and cellular events and regulatory influences on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Primary preadipocyte culture systems have several distinct advantages over preadipose cell lines. Because they have not been passaged continuously in culture, primary cultures of adipose derived stromal-vascular (SV) cells more closely reflect the in vivo characteristics of the tissue from which they are derived. In addition, primary cells can be obtained from various adipose tissue depots and from animals at different stages of development, from early postnatal life through advanced age. Cells can also be obtained from genetic rodent models of obesity or from rats and/or mice subjected to nutritional or hormonal manipulation. In each case, specific adipose tissue depots are dissected and the SV cells obtained after collagenase digestion. To examine the effect of tissue source or in vivo or in vitro treatment on preadipocyte proliferation, SV cells are labeled by thymidine incorporation during the exponential growth phase and maintained in culture until sufficiently lipid-filled to allow separation by density. Regulatory influences on various stages of preadipocyte differentiation can be examined in rat SV cultures in a controlled environment featuring chemically defined serum-free medium; whereas, more temperamental mouse SV cultures require the presence of serum for optimal differentiation. Alternatively, preadipocytes differentiated in vitro may be used for examining adipocyte metabolic or secretory responses.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hausman DB, DiGirolamo M, Bartness TJ, Hausman GJ, Martin RJ (2001) The biology of white adipocyte proliferation. Obes Rev 2:239–254
Novakofski JE (1987) Primary culture of adipose tissue. In: Hausman GJ, Martin R (eds): Biology of the adipocyte: research approaches. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York
Ramsay TG, Rao SV, Wolverton CK (1992) In vitro systems for the analysis of the development of adipose tissue in domestic animals. J Nutr 122:806–817
Deslex S, Negrel R, Ailhaud G (1987) Development of a chemically defined serum-free medium for differentiation of rat adipose precursor cells. Exp Cell Res 168:15–30
Serrero G, Mills D (1987) Differentiation of newborn rat adipocyte precursors in defined serum-free medium. In Vitro Cellular Dev Biol 23:63–66
Gregoire F, Smas C, Sul HS (1998) Understanding adipocyte differentiation. Physiol Rev 78:783–809
Gregoire F (2001) Adipocyte differentiation: from fibroblast to endocrine cell. Exp Biol Med 226:997–1002
Kras KM, Hausman DB, Hausman GJ, Martin RJ (1999) Adipocyte development is dependent upon stem cell recruitment and proliferation of preadipocytes. Obes Res 7:491–497
Landron D, Dugail I, Ardouin B, Quignard-Boulange A, Postel-Vinay MC (1987) Growth hormone binding to cultured preadipocytes from obese fa/fa rats increases during cell differentiation. Horm Metab Res 19:403–406
Lau DC, Shillabeer G, Wong KL, Tough SC, Russell JC (1990) Influence of paracrine factors on preadipocyte replication and differentiation. Int J Obes 14:193–201
Shillabeer G, Forden IM, Russell JC, Lau DC (1990) Paradoxically slow preadipocyte replication and differentiation in corpulent rats. Am J Physiol 258:E368–E376
Gregoire FM, Johnson PR, Greenwood MR (1995) Comparison of the adipoconversion of preadipocytes derived from lean and obese Zucker rats in serum-free cultures. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 19:664–670
Simon MF, Daviaud D, Pradere JP, Gres S, Guigne C, Watitsch M, Chun J, Valet P, Saulnier-Blache JS (2005) Lysophosphatidic acid inhibits adipocyte differentiation via lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor-dependent down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2. J Biol Chem 280:14656–14662
Shillabeer G, Lau DC (1994) Regulation of new fat cell formation in rats: the role of dietary fats. J Lipid Res 35:592–600
Lacasa D, Garcia E, Henriot D, Agli B, Giudicelli Y (1997) Site-related specificities of the control by androgenic status of adipogenesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade/ c-fos signaling pathways in rat preadipocytes. Endocrinology 138:3181–3186
Garcia E, Lacasa M, Agli B, Giudicelli Y, Lacasa D (1999) Modulation of rat preadipocyte adipose conversion by androgenic status: involvement of C/EBPs transcription factors. J Endocrinol 161:89–97
Lacasa D, Garcia Dos Santos E, Giudicelli Y (2001) Site-specific control of rat preadipocte adipose conversion by ovarian status: possible involvement of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein transcription factors. Endocrine 15:103–110
Kirkland IM, Hollenberg CH, Gillon WS (1996) Effects of fat depot site on differentiation-dependent gene expression in rat preadipocytes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 20: S102–S107
Gesta S, Bluher M, Yamamoto Y, Norris AW, Berndt J, Kralish S, Boucher J, Lewis C, Kahn CR (2006) Evidence for a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:6676–6681
Kirkland IM, Hollenberg CH, Gillon WS (1993) Ageing, differentiation, and gene expression in rat epididymal preadipocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 71:556–561
Kirkland IM, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, Han J, Karagiannides I (2002) Adipogenesis and aging: does aging make fat go MAD? Exp Geronotol 37:757–767
Jones DD, Ramsay TG, Hausman GJ, Martin RJ (1992) Norepinephrine inhibits rat pre-adipocyte proliferation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 16:340–354
Marques BM, Hausman DB, Latimer AM, Kras KM, Grossman BM, Martin RJ (2000) Insulin-like growth factor mediates high-fat diet-induced adipogenesis in Osborne-Mendel rats. Am J Physiol Integr Comp Physiol 278:R654–R662
Wagoner B, Hausman DB, Harris RBS (2006) Direct and indirect effects of leptin on preadi-pocyte proliferation and differentiation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R1557–R1564
Marques BG, Hausman DB, Martin RJ (1998) Association of fat cell size and paracrine growth factors in development of hyperplastic obesity. Am J Physiol 275:R1898–1908
Hausman DB, Bartness TJ, DiGirolamo M, Fine JJ, Plunkett S, Martin RJ (2005) Proliferative activity of adipose tissue conditioned media correlates with fat cell size in animal models of obesity. Adipocytes 1:25–34
CellTiter 96® A Queous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (2005) Promega Corporation. Madison, WI
Cell Proliferation ELISA, BrdU (2006) Roche Diagnostics Corporation. Indianapolis, IN
Kras KM, Hausman DB, Martin RJ (2000) Tumor necrosis factor-a stimulates cell proliferation in adipose tissue-derived stromal-vascular cell culture: promotion of adipose tissue expansion by paracrine growth factors. Obes Res 8:186–193
Qian H, Hausman DB, Compton MM, Martin RJ, Della-Fera MA, Hartzell DL, Baile CA (2001) TNFalpha induces and insulin inhibits caspase 3-dependent adipocyte apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 284:1176–1183
Yan H, Aziz E, Shillabeer G, Wong A, Shanghavi D, Kermouni A, Abdel-Hafez M, Lau DCx (2002) Nitric oxide promotes differentiation of rat white preadipocytes in culture. J Lipid Res 43:2123–2129
Guo W, Pirtskhalava T, Tchkonia T, Xie W, Thomou T, Han J, Wang T, Wong S, Cartwright A, Hegardt FG, Corkey BE, Kirkland JL (2007) Aging results in paradoxical susceptibility of fat cell progenitors to lipotoxicity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292:E1041–E1051
Vassaux G, Negrel R, Ailhaud G, Gaillard D (1994) Proliferation and differentiation of rat adipose precursor cells in chemically defined medium: differential action of anti-adipogenic agents. J Cell Physiol 161:249–256
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Hausman, D.B., Park, H.J., Hausman, G.J. (2008). Isolation and Culture of Preadipocytes from Rodent White Adipose Tissue. In: Yang, K. (eds) Adipose Tissue Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 456. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-245-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-245-8_15
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-916-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-245-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols