Skip to main content

Statistical Analysis of Microarray Data

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1986))

Abstract

Microarray data analysis has been one of the most important hits in the interaction between statistics and bioinformatics in the last two decades. The analysis of microarray data can be done in different ways using different tools. In this chapter a typical workflow for analyzing microarray data using R and Bioconductor packages is presented. The workflow starts with the raw data—binary files obtained from the hybridization process—and goes through a series of steps: Reading raw data, Quality Check, Normalization, Filtering, Selection of differentially expressed genes, Comparison of selected lists, and Analysis of Biological Significance. The implementation of each step in R is described through a use case that goes from raw data until the analysis of biological significance. Data and code for the analysis are provided in a github repository.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Efron B (2013) Large-scale inference: empirical Bayes methods for estimation, testing, and prediction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  2. Sánchez-Pla A (2014) DNA microarrays technology: overview and current status. In: Carolina Simó AC, García-Cañas V (eds) Comprehensive analytical chemistry, vol 63. Elsevier, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  3. Draghici S (2012) Statistics and data analysis for microarrays using R and bioconductor. CRC Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sánchez-Pla A, Reverter F, Ruíz de Villa MC, Comabella M (2012) Transcriptomics: mRNA and alternative splicing. J Neuroimmunol 248:23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.04.008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mehta JP, Rani S (2011) Software and tools for microarray data analysis. Methods Mol Biol 784:41–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Carvalho BS, Irizarry RA (2010) A framework for oligonucleotide microarray preprocessing. Bioinformatics 26:2363–2367. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Carvalho B (2015) Pd.mogene.2.1.st: Platform design info for affymetrix mogene-2.1-st

    Google Scholar 

  8. Huber W, Carey VJ et al (2015) Orchestrating high-throughput genomic analysis with bioconductor. Nat Methods 12:115–121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Kauffmann A, Gentleman R, Huber W (2009) ArrayQualityMetrics–a bioconductor package for quality assessment of microarray data. Bioinformatics 25:415–416

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Warnes GR, Bolker B, Bonebakker L, et al (2016) Gplots: various r programming tools for plotting data

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wickham H (2009) Ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Slowikowski K (2017) Ggrepel: repulsive text and label geoms for ‘ggplot2’

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bushel P (2013) Pvca: principal variance component analysis (pvca)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Smyth GK (2005) limma: linear models for microarray data. In: Gentleman R, Carey V, Dudoit S, Irizarry R, Huber W (eds) Bioinformatics and computational biology solutions using r and bioconductor. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 397–420

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Gentleman R, Carey V, Huber W, Hahne F (2017) Genefilter: genefilter: methods for filtering genes from high-throughput experiments

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gentleman R (2017) Annotate: annotation for microarrays

    Google Scholar 

  17. Carlson M (2017) Org.Mm.eg.db: Genome wide annotation for mouse

    Google Scholar 

  18. MacDonald JW (2017) Mogene21sttranscriptcluster.db: Affymetrix mogene21 annotation data (chip mogene21sttranscriptcluster)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Yu G, He Q-Y (2016) ReactomePA: an R/Bioconductor package for reactome pathway analysis and visualization. Mol BioSyst 12:477–479. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5mb00663e

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Li S, Mi L, Yu L et al (2017) Zbtb7b engages the long noncoding rna blnc1 to drive brown and beige fat development and thermogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 114:E7111–E7120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703494114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Clough E, Barrett T (2016) The Gene Expression Omnibus database. Methods Mol Biol 1418:93–110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Irizarry RA, Hobbs B, Collin F et al (2003) Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data. Biostatistics 4:249–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/4.2.249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Hackstadt AJ, Hess AM (2009) Filtering for increased power for microarray data analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 10:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-11

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Chrominski K, Tkacz M (2015) Comparison of high-level microarray analysis methods in the context of result consistency. PLoS One 10:e0128845. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0128845

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Jeanmougin M, de Reynies A, Marisa L et al (2010) Should we abandon the t-Test in the analysis of gene expression microarray data: a comparison of variance modeling strategies. PLoS One 5:e12336. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Allison DB, Cui X, Page GP, Sabripour M (2006) Microarray data analysis: from disarray to consolidation and consensus. Nat Rev Genet 7:55–65. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1749

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tusher VG, Tibshirani R, Chu G (2001) Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:5116–5121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.091062498

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Smyth GK (2004) Linear models and empirical Bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 3:1–25. https://doi.org/10.2202/1544-6115.1027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol 57:289–300

    Google Scholar 

  30. Khatri P, Sirota M, Butte AJ (2012) Ten years of pathway analysis: current approaches and outstanding challenges. PLoS Comput Biol 8:e1002375. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002375

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alex Sánchez-Pla .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Gonzalo Sanz, R., Sánchez-Pla, A. (2019). Statistical Analysis of Microarray Data. In: Bolón-Canedo, V., Alonso-Betanzos, A. (eds) Microarray Bioinformatics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1986. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9442-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9442-7_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9441-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9442-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics