Abstract
Budapest is situated in the Carpathian Basin close to Central Europe. It occupies 525 km2 and has a population of 1.7 million. Although the city is built on one of the oldest hominid settlements in Europe, it was not given its present name until 1873 when it was formed by the merging of Buda, Obuda and Pest. The city is divided by the Danube river, which flows from north to south and contains two long islands—Szentendre to the north and Csepel to the south. The solid geology of Buda (on the right bank of the river) is predominantly limestone and dolomite, which form a series of hills and valleys, whereas Pest comprises the Danube floodplain, which overlies the Triassic deposits. The varied geology and geomorphology have given rise to a wide range of habitats, including mountains, lowlands, forests, arable land, wetland and the biggest river in Europe, Danube. The face of Budapest has changed rapidly throughout its history with periods of expansion being punctuated by conflict. There is very little information about the fauna before the eighteenth century, which is restricted to observations and anecdotes in the dailies or hunting magazines. There are two large reviews of the fauna of Budapest, one published in 1879, the other in 1942. The chapter lists the 107 vertebrate species that have been recorded in Budapest in recent times: 33 fish, 10 amphibians, 16 reptiles and 48 mammals. Most of the urban mammal species are common, small-to midsized generalists. The diversity and easy availability of food resources and shelter and the low number of predators and competitors compensate for the fragmented pattern of habitats and human disturbance. The future of urban mammals very much depends on the quality of ‘green’ spaces and the corridors between them.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Editor’s note: An important place for S. glanis is at the confluence of the Danube and the Morava rivers on the western fringe of Bratislava.
Bibliography
Bajor Z (2009) Budapest természeti kalauza (Guide to the nature conservation areas of Budapest). Kossuth Kiadó, Budapest, p 256
Bihari Z, Csorba G, Heltai M (eds) (2007) Magyarország emlőseinek Atlasza (Atlas of Hungarian Mammals). Kossuth Könyvkiadó, Budapest, p 360
Borbás V (1879) A főváros és környékének növényzete (Vegetation of the capital and its surroundings). Magyar Királyi Egyetemi Könyvnyomda, Budapest, p 170
Bowman AS, Nuttall PA (2008) Ticks: biology, disease and control. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 506
Esteban M, Budai T, Juhásóz E, Lapointe P (2009) Alteration of triassic carbonates in the Buda Mountains; a hydrothermal model. Cent Eur Geol 52(1):1–29
Földvári G, Rigó K, Jablonszky M, Majoros G, Biró N, Molnár V, Tóth M (2011) Ticks and the city: ectoparasites of the northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus) in an urban park. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 2:231–234
Földvári G, Jahfari S, Rigó K, Jablonszky M, Szekeres S, Majoros G, Tóth M, Molnár V, Coipan EC, Sprong H (2014) Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in urban hedgehogs. Emerg Infect Dis 20:496–498
Györffy G (1997) Pest-Buda kialakulása. (Development of Pest-Buda) Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p 221
Haas J (ed) (2012) Geology of Hungary. Springer, Berlin, p 244
Hamer AJ, McDonnell MJ (2008) Amphibian ecology and conservation in the urbanising world: a review. Biol Conserv 141:2432–2449
Haraszti S, Pethő T (1963) Útikalandok a régi Magyarországon (Adventures in old-time Hungary). Táncsics kiadó, Budapest, p 227
Herman O (1887) A magyar halászat könyve. Természettudományi Könyvkiadó Vállalat. (Book of the Hungarian fishery), Budapest, pp 570–571
Ihgrid D (1973) A Magyar vízszabályozás története (History of Hungarian water management). Országos Vízügyi Hivatal, Budapest, p 210
Lászlóffy W, Csermák B (1958) Budapest és környékének vízrajza. In: Pécsi M, Marosi S, Szilárd J (szerk) Budapest természeti képe (Hydrography of Budapest area). Akadémiai kiadó, Budapest, pp 469–470
Loksa I (1958) Budapest és környékének állatvilága. In: Pécsi M, Marosi S, Szilárd J (szerk) Budapest természeti képe (Zoology of Budapest area). Akadémiai kiadó, Budapest, pp 658–651
Margó T (1879) Budapest és környéke állattani tekintetben (Budapest and its surroundings from a zoological point of view). Magyar Királyi Egyetemi nyomda, Budapest, p 140
Méhely L (1900) Magyarország denevéreinek monográfiája. (The monograph of bats of Hungary) Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest, p 372
Méhely L (1918) Reptilia et Amphibia. In: A Magyar Birodalom Állatvilága. Fauna Regni Hungariae, Budapest (Fauna of Hungary) 6:1–12
Mersich I, Práger T, Ambrózy P, Hunkár M, Dunkel Z (eds) (2002) Magyarország éghajlati atlasza (Climatic Atlas of Hungary). Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat, p 107
Molnár Z (1997) A Pilis-, Visegrádi- és Gerecse-hegység denevérfaunisztikai vizsgálata 1992–97. In: Molnár V, Molnár Z, Dobrosi D (eds) Proceedings of the 1st Conference on the Bat Conservation in Hungary. Magyar Denevérkutatók Baráti Köre, Budapest, (Bat-fauna examination in Pilis-, Visegrádi- and Gerecse Mountains 1992–97) pp 26–33
Nagy T, Györffy G, Gerevich L (1975) Budapest története III–V (History of Budapest III–V). Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, p 960
Péntek AL, Tóth-Ronkay M (2012) Városi parkok, mint vörös mókus (Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758) menedékek. (Urban parks as rufuges of red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758)) Állattani Közlemények, 97(2):213–225
Pénzes A (1942) Budapest élövilága (The wildlife of Budapest). Hungarian Royal Society of Nature Sciences, Budapest, p 217
Puky M, Schád P, Szövényi G (2006) Herpetological Atlas of Hungary. Varangy Akciócsoport Egyesület, p 207
Rácz MJ, Kiss I, Sály P (2009) Comparative study of amphibian assemblages in different wetland habitats at Budapest. Állattani Közlemények 94:103–121
Schád P, Puky M, Kiss I (1999) Breeding migration characteristics of amphibians at Lake Naplás Nature Conservation Area. Természetvédelmi Közlemények 8:161–172
Seregélyes T et al (1996–1997) Budapest Főváros természetvédelmi területeinek élövilága Botanikus Bt. Kiadványai (10 kötet), Budapest (The wildlife of nature conservation areas of Budapest)
Topál G (1954) A Kárpát-medence denevéreinek elterjedési adatai. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. (The distribution of bats of the Carpathian Basin) 46:471–483
Tóth M, Bárány A, Kis R (2009) An evaluation of stone marten (Martes foina) records in the city of Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 55(2):199–209
Tóth M, Bárány A, Szenczi P (2011a) The stone marten in Budapest (in Hungarian with English abstract: A nyest Budapesten). Állattani Közlemények 96(1–2):39–59
Tóth M, Elek Z, Földvári G, Molnár V (2011b) Islanders: an urban population of Northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900) on the Margaret Island, Budapest, Hungary. Mammalian Biology, Zeitschrift für Saugetierkunde. Special Issue 76, p 23
Töri K (1952) A Duna és szabályozása (The Danube and its water-regulation). Akadémiai kiadó, Budapest, pp 264–270
Vörös J, Halpern B (2012) A Sas-hegy herpetofaunája. In: Kézdy P, Tóth Z (eds) Nature conservation and research in Mt. Sas-hegy. Rosalia (Herpetofauna of the Sas Hill) 8:533–548
Wilson DE, Reeder DM (eds) (2005) Mammal species of the world. Johns Hopkins University Press, p 2142
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tóth-Ronkay, M. et al. (2015). Budapest. In: Kelcey, J. (eds) Vertebrates and Invertebrates of European Cities:Selected Non-Avian Fauna. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1698-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1698-6_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1697-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1698-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)