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Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease pp 135–153Cite as

The Brain-Gut Axis in Health and Disease

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((MICENDO,volume 817))

Abstract

The interaction between the brain and the gut has been recognized for many centuries. This bidirectional interaction occurs via neural, immunological and hormonal routes, and is important not only in normal gastrointestinal function but also plays a significant role in shaping higher cognitive function such as our feelings and our subconscious decision-making. Therefore, it remains unsurprising that perturbations in normal signalling have been associated with a multitude of disorders, including inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal disorders, and eating disorders.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

5-Hydroxytryptimaine

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

Ach:

Acetylcholine

ANS:

Autonomic nervous system

CCK1R:

Cholecystokinin 1 receptor

CNS:

Central nervous system

CRH:

Corticotropin-releasing factor

DMN:

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

EMS:

Emotional motor system

FGF19:

Fibroblast growth factor 19

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

GALT:

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

GI:

Gastrointestinal

GLP1:

Glucagon-like peptide-1

GPR:

G-protein coupled receptor

HPA:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IBS:

Irritable bowel syndrome

KLB:

Klotho beta

NF- κB:

Nuclear factor κB

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

OFC:

Orbitofrontal cortex

PAG:

Periaqueductal grey

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

α7nAChR:

α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Digestive Diseases, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK

    Yasser Al Omran

  2. Bart’s and The London NHS Trust, Centre for Gastroenterology, The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, 26 Ashfield Street, London, E1 2AJ, UK

    Qasim Aziz

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  1. Yasser Al Omran
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  2. Qasim Aziz
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Correspondence to Qasim Aziz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA

    Mark Lyte

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Cork, Ireland

    John F. Cryan

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Al Omran, Y., Aziz, Q. (2014). The Brain-Gut Axis in Health and Disease. In: Lyte, M., Cryan, J. (eds) Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 817. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_6

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