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Measurement and Statistical Models in the Study of Personality and Intelligence

  • Chapter
International Handbook of Personality and Intelligence

Part of the book series: Perspectives on Individual Differences ((PIDF))

Abstract

Theorizing about personality and intelligence structure initially was limited to prescientific literary and philosophical “insights” (see Howard, 1993). Among these early psychological approaches. Freudian psychoanalytic theory almost certainly has had the major influence on thinking about human personality during the early 20th century, although psychoanalysis itself has now come under critical scrutiny (see H. J. Eysenck, 1985a; Masson, 1990). Another prominent theorist was Murray, who postulated such “needs” as abasement, achievement, aggression, change, cognitive structure, endurance, nurturance, order, sentience, and understanding. Likewise, Jung’s introversion-extraversion theory has been influential. The comparatively subjective models of theorists such as Freud, Adler, Jung, Fromm, Erikson, Homey, Maslow, and Sullivan, however, must now be rejected as scientifically unacceptable. Around 1920, the emphasis changed from clinical premetric speculations to more quantitative and overtly experimental approaches, along with recognition of the ability and personality sphere concepts. The inadequacy of socioenvironmental explanations of personality, though, has been amply demonstrated by Zuckerman (1991). Personality is not solely the outcome of family and social conditioning. H. J. Eysenck (1991) has pointed out that these theories are essentially untestable; they are based on speculative or falsified deductions, and they ignore virtually all the experimental and empirical research conducted this century.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4229, Australia

    Gregory J. Boyle

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia

    Lazar Stankov

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96844, USA

    Raymond B. Cattell

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  1. Gregory J. Boyle
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  2. Lazar Stankov
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  1. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Donald H. Saklofske

  2. School of Education, University of Haifa, 31999, Mount Carmel, Israel

    Moshe Zeidner

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Boyle, G.J., Stankov, L., Cattell, R.B. (1995). Measurement and Statistical Models in the Study of Personality and Intelligence. In: Saklofske, D.H., Zeidner, M. (eds) International Handbook of Personality and Intelligence. Perspectives on Individual Differences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5571-8_20

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