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Assessment of Population Health Risks of Policies pp 37–130Cite as

Top-Down Policy Risk Assessment

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Abstract

The primary aim of the Risk Assessment from Policy to Impact Dimension (RAPID) 2009–2012 EU project was to develop a methodological guidance for policy risk assessment. The main idea was that the systematic analysis of complex impact schemes requires the description of the “full chain” of causal pathways considering all levels of causality in an integrated manner. The analysis should proceed from the top to the bottom of the causal chain, i.e. from the cause, that is the policy, through health determinants and risk factors to the effect that are health outcomes. The top-down risk assessment approach follows a logical structure that can be readily applied in the risk appraisal phase of policy health impact assessments.

Lessons learned from case studies were used in the RAPID project to achieve the goal of developing a methodological model, formulate recommendations, and finally to prepare a unified guidance on top-down full chain assessment of health risks of policies, that can be then pilot tested as applied for the assessment of an international policy. Project partners worked on separate case studies representing diverse topics. The work started with the selection and detailed description of a specific policy. Following this step, each partner identified and characterized the wider determinants of health influenced by the policy and risk factors linked to these determinants. As the final step, health outcomes related to the selected risk factors were assessed. The experiences of case studies allowed for making recommendations on various practical aspects, such as information need and feasibility, integration of quantitative and qualitative assessment elements in specified pathways, and characterization of uncertainty.

This chapter presents short summaries of the case studies. They discuss different topics except the two studies on road safety. However, the policy context is essentially different even for them, as one assesses a new legislation but the other a completed program. The elaboration of the assessment, the understanding of the elements of the causal chain, as well as the use of quantitative methods shows high diversity among the studies. Nevertheless, all case studies provided opportunities to draw valuable conclusions that could be applied in the formulation of a unified guidance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrsvej 9-10, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark

    Balázs Ádám

  2. University of Debrecen, Kassai 26, 4028, Debrecen, Hungary

    Balázs Ádám

  3. Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria St., Rm. 3-26.22, Toronto, ON, M5B 1C6, Canada

    Ágnes Molnár

  4. Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrsvej 9-10, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark

    Gabriel Guliš

  5. National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Peter Otorepec

  6. Babes-Bolyai University, Strada Mihail Kogalniceanu 1, Cluj-Napoca, 3400, Romania

    Razvan Chereches

  7. Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medykow Street, 40-752, Katowice, Poland

    Joanna Kobza

  8. Regional Public Health Authority, Ipelska 1, 04011, Kosice, Slovakia

    Jana Kollárová

  9. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Regione, Via Moruzzi 1, 56127, Pisa, Italy

    Nunzia Linzalone

  10. Trnava University, Univerzitne namestie 1, 91701, Trnava, Slovakia

    Marek Majdán

  11. Unit Innovation in Health, NRW Centre for Health (LZG.NRW), Westerfeldstraße 35–37, Bielefeld, 33611, Germany

    Sarah Sierig & Odile Mekel

  12. Environmental Health Centre Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0K9

    Peter Mochungong

  13. Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland

    Jozef Pastuszka

  14. Health Education and Disease Prevention Center, Kalvariju Street 153, LY-08221, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Ingrida Zurlyte

  15. University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany

    Rainer Fehr

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  1. Balázs Ádám
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Correspondence to Balázs Ádám .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark

    Gabriel Guliš

  2. Unit Innovation in Health, NRW Centre for Health, Bielefeld, Germany

    Odile Mekel

  3. University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark, and University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    Balázs Ádám

  4. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy

    Liliana Cori

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Ádám, B. et al. (2014). Top-Down Policy Risk Assessment. In: Guliš, G., Mekel, O., Ádám, B., Cori, L. (eds) Assessment of Population Health Risks of Policies. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8597-1_3

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