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Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules pp 1–9Cite as

Adenylyl Cyclase

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Synonyms

Adenyl cyclase; Adenylate cyclase

Historical Background

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) and ATP-pyrophosphate lyases comprise a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP from ATP. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) was identified in 1957 as the first “second messenger,” relaying signals from hormone-bound receptors to protein kinase A (PKA) and other cAMP-sensitive effectors, including cyclic-nucleotide gated channels, cAMP-activated exchange proteins (EPAC), and a subset of phosphodiesterases that degrade cyclic nucleotides. Catalytic activity of AC is regulated in response to activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by a number of hormones and neurotransmitters. Various studies using biochemical and genetic tools have implicated the importance of cAMP in a variety of physiological functions that include but are not limited to oogenesis, embryogenesis larval development, hormone secretion, glycogen breakdown, smooth muscle relaxation, cardiac contraction, olfaction, water...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Carmen W. Dessauer

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  1. Carmen W. Dessauer
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Correspondence to Carmen W. Dessauer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biological Science, Department of Molecular Science and Tech College of Natural Science, Suwon, Korea (Republic of)

    Sangdun Choi

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Dessauer, C.W. (2016). Adenylyl Cyclase. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_420-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_420-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6438-9

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