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Pulsatile Stress, Arterial Stiffness, and Endothelial Function

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Book cover Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Vascular endothelium contributes in humans to the regulation of conduit artery mechanical properties at baseline and during the increase in flow. This effect results from the shear stress-dependent release of vasoactive factors, as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to modify arterial tone, geometry, and trophicity and to optimize vascular functions and cardiovascular coupling. Endothelial dysfunction appears as a major determinant of arterial stiffening, increased pulse pressure, and systolic hypertension, and in turn strategies protecting the endothelium prevent these abnormalities. In addition, endothelium also integrates pulsatile stimuli (pulse pressure and flow) to increase NO and EET release under physiological conditions, and the reduced pulse pressure-dependent strain in stiff conduits may suppress this adaptive response, thus amplifying the stiffening process. This article details fundamental experiments and clinical studies supporting these mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, INSERM U1096 Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, 76031, France

    Robinson Joannidès MD, PhD, Jérémy Bellien PharmD, PhD & Christian Thuillez MD, PhD

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  1. Robinson Joannidès MD, PhD
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  2. Jérémy Bellien PharmD, PhD
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  3. Christian Thuillez MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Robinson Joannidès MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hôtel-Dieu Hospital Diagnosis and Therapeutics Center, Paris Descartes University, Paris, Paris, France

    Michel E. Safar

  2. St Vincent Clinic and Hospital, University of New South Wales, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Michael F. O'Rourke

  3. Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Edward D. Frohlich

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Joannidès, R., Bellien, J., Thuillez, C. (2014). Pulsatile Stress, Arterial Stiffness, and Endothelial Function. In: Safar, M., O'Rourke, M., Frohlich, E. (eds) Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5198-2_10

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