Abstract
Augustine (354–430 CE) was born in North Africa and, except for a five-year sojourn in Italy, lived out his life there. He is important for having defined the Christian heresies of Donatism, Manicheanism, and Pelagianism. His prodigious literary output includes Confessions, City of God, On the Trinity, and no fewer than five different commentaries on the first verses of Genesis. Augustine was the first important western philosopher to philosophize from a distinctively first-person point of view. His works include important replies to the threat of skepticism (“If I am mistaken, [still] I am”), a significant discussion of language acquisition, an epistemological theory of “illumination,” arguments for mind–body dualism, and the analogical argument for other minds. He has been credited (and debited) with introducing the notion of the will into philosophy. He made famous the problem of whether God’s foreknowledge is compatible with human free will. His subjective account of time has been particularly influential. His ethics gives important emphasis to the agent’s intention. Although he did not invent just war theory or the philosophy of history, he made significant contributions to both.
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Latin Texts
(1866) Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. Tempsky, Vienna. Augustinian texts scattered throughout the series
(1954) Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina. The Hague, Brepols. Augustinian texts scattered through the series
Migne Jacques-Paul (1844–1864) Patrologia Latina, vols 32–47. Own available online: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/
Nuova Biblioteca Augustina: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/
English Translations
Collections
Schaff Philip (ed) (1994) A select library of Nicene and post-Nicene fathers, vols 1–8. T&T Clark/Wm. B. Eerdmans, Edinburgh/Grand Rapids. Also available online: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/
The works of Saint Augustine: a translation for the 21st century. New City Press, Hyde Park (this series will eventually includes all of Augustine’s works)
Individual Works in Translation
Bettenson Henry (trans) (1984) City of God. Penguin, London
Chadwick Henry (trans) (1991) Confessions. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Hill Edmund (trans) (1990) On genesis. New City Press, Hyde Park
Holmes Peter (trans) (1948) On the spirit and the letter. In: Oates Whitney J (ed) Basic writings of Saint Augustine, vol 1. Random House, New York, pp 461–518
Jepson John J (trans) (1948) The Lord’s sermon on the mount. Ancient Christian writers, No 5. Newman Press, New York
King Peter (trans) (1995) Against the academicians and the teacher. Hackett, Indianapolis
Matthews Gareth B (ed) (2002) On the trinity, books 8–15, trans. McKenna S. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Watson Gerard (trans) (1990) Soliloquies and immortality of the soul. Aris & Phillips, Westminster
Williams Thomas (trans) (1993) On free choice of the will. Hackett, Indianapolis
Secondary Sources
Books
Dihle A (1982) The theory of the will in classical antiquity. University of California Press, Berkeley
Harrison S (2006) The way into the will: the theological and philosophical significance of Augustine’s De Libero Arbitrio. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Kirwan C (1989) Augustine. Routledge, London
Markus RA (1972) Augustine: a collection of critical essays. Doubleday, Garden City
Matthews GB (1992) Thought’s ego in Augustine and Descartes. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Matthews GB (ed) (1999) The Augustinian tradition. University of California Press, Berkeley
Matthews GB (2005) Augustine. Blackwell, Oxford
Rist JM (1994) Augustine: ancient thought baptized. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Stump E, Kretzmann N (eds) (2001) The Cambridge companion to Augustine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Wetzel J (1992) Augustine and the limits of virtue. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Articles
Burnyeat MF (1987) Wittgenstein and Augustine De Magistro. Proc Aristot Soc Suppl, 1–24 (repr. in Matthews, 1999)
Other Internet Resources
Mendelson M. Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy: “Saint Augustine.” http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/
O’Donnell JJ. Augustine site. http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/
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Matthews, G.B. (2011). Augustine. In: Lagerlund, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9729-4_59
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