Abstract
The immune system is a complex and finely orchestrated system, and many soluble molecules and receptors contribute to its regulation.
Recent studies have suggested that many of the modulatory effects induced by morphine on innate immunity, and in particular the effects on macrophage activation and function, can be due to the modulation of an important macrophage surface receptor, the toll-like receptor (TLR), that is primarily involved in early regulatory steps. In this chapter we describe a RT-real-time PCR method for assessing TLR expression in macrophage after in vivo morphine treatment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsSpringer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more
References
Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O (2006) Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 124:783–801
Kawai T, Akira S (2005) Pathogen recognition with Toll-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 17:338–344
Medzhitov R (2001) Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 1:135–145
McCoy CE, O’Neill LA (2008) The role of toll-like receptors in macrophages. Front Biosci 13:62–70
Laird MH, Rhee SH, Perkins DJ et al (2009) TLR4/MyD88/PI3K interactions regulate TLR4 signaling. J Leukoc Biol 85:966–977
Hughes AL, Piontkivska H (2008) Functional diversification of the toll-like receptor gene family. Immunogenetics 60:249–256
Lu YC, Yeh WC, Ohashi PS (2008) LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine 42:145–151
Bowie A, O’Neill LA (2000) The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: signal generators for pro-inflammatory interleukins and microbial products. J Leukoc Biol 67:508–514
Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K (2002) Lipopolysaccharide recognition: CD14, TLRs and the LPS-activation cluster. Trends Immunol 23:301–304
Martucci C, Franchi S, Lattuada D et al (2007) Differential involvement of RelB in morphine-induced modulation of chemotaxis, NO, and cytokine production in murine macrophages and lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 81:344–354
Wang J, Barke RA, Charboneau R et al (2008) Morphine induces defects in early response of alveolar macrophages to Streptococcus pneumoniae by modulating TLR9-NF-kappa B signaling. J Immunol 180:3594–3600
Wang J, Ma J, Charboneau R et al (2011) Morphine inhibits murine dendritic cell IL-23 production by modulating Toll-like receptor 2 and Nod2 signaling. J Biol Chem 286:10225–10232
Franchi S, Moretti S, Castelli M et al (2012) Mu opioid receptor activation modulates toll like receptor 4 in murine macrophage. Brain Behav Immun 26:480–488
Risdahl JM, Khanna KV, Peterson PK et al (1998) Opiates and infection. J Neuroimmunol 83:4–18
Einsenstein TK (2019) The role of opioid receptors in immune system function. Front Immunol 10:2904. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2010.02904. eCollection 2019
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Castelli, M., Panerai, A., Sacerdote, P., Franchi, S. (2021). Measurement of Macrophage Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression After Morphine Treatment. In: Spampinato, S.M. (eds) Opioid Receptors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2201. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0884-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0884-5_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0883-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0884-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols