Cell Adhesion Molecules

Definition

Cell adhesion molecules are transmembrane or membrane-linked glycoproteins that mediate the connections between cells or the attachment of cells to substrate (such as stroma or basement membrane). Dynamic cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion is a major morphogenetic factor in developing multicellular organisms. In adult animals, adhesive mechanisms underlie the maintenance of tissue architecture, allow the generation of force and movement, and guarantee the functionality of the organs (e.g. to create barriers in secreting organs, intestines and blood vessels) as well as the generation and maintenance of neuronal connections. Cell adhesion is also an integrated component of the immune system and wound healing. At the cellular level, cell adhesion molecules do not function just as molecular glue. Several signaling functions have been attributed to adhesion molecules, and cell adhesion is involved in processes such as contact inhibition, growth and apoptosis. Deficiencies in...