This paper describes a system of semantic analysis and generation, programmed in LISP 1.5 and designed to pass from paragraph-length input in English to French via an interlingual representation. A wide class of English input forms is covered, with a vocabulary initially restricted to a few hundred words. The distinguishing features of the translation system are: It translates phrase by phrase, with facilities for reordering phrases and establishing essential semantic connectivities between them. These constitute the interlingual representation to be translated. This matching is done without the explicit use of a conventional syntax analysis. The French output strings are generated without the explicit use of a generative grammar. This is done by means of stereotypes: strings of French words, and functions evaluating to French words, which are attached to English word senses in the dictionary and built into the interlingual representation by the analysis routines
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bar-Hillel, Y., ‘‘Some Reflections on the Present Outlook for High-Quality Machine Translation,’’ Mimeo, University of Texas, 1970.
Bierwisch, M., ‘‘Semantics,’’ in New Horizons in Linguistics, Lyons, J., (Ed.), London, 1970.
Klein, S., et al., The Autoling System, Tech. Report. #43, Computer Science Dept., University of Wisconsin, 1968.
Lakoff, G., ‘‘Linguistics and Natural Logic,’’ Studies in Generative Semantics #1, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1970.
McCarthy, J., and Hayes, P., ‘‘Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence,’’ in Machine Intelligence 4, Edinburgh, 1969.
Michie, D., On Not Seeing Things, Experimental Programming Reports #22, University of Edinburgh, 1971.
Montague, R., ‘‘English as a Formal Language,’’ in Linguaggi nella Societa e nella Tecnica, Milan, 1970.
Nida, E., and Taber, C., The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden, 1969.
Quillian, R., ‘‘The Teachable Language Comprehender,’’ CACM (1969).
Sandewall, E., ‘‘Representing Natural Language Information in Predicate Calculus,’’ Machine Intelligence 6, Edinburgh, 1971.
Schank, R., ‘‘Finding the Conceptual Content and Intention of an Utterance in Natural Language Conversation,’’ Proceedings of the 2nd Joint International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, London, 1971.
Simmons, R., Some Semantic Structures for Representing English Meanings, Tech. Report #NL-1, University of Texas at Austin, 1970.
Wilks, Y., ‘‘On-Line Semantic Analysis of English Texts,’’ Machine Translation and Comp. Linguistics, 1968.
Wilks, Y., ‘‘Decidability and Natural Language,’’ Mind, 1971.
Wilks, Y., Grammar, Meaning and the Machine Analysis of Natural Language, London, 1972.
Winograd, T., Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language, Project MAC Memo #MAC TR-84, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1971.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wilks, Y. (2007). The Stanford Machine Translation Project. In: Ahmad, K., Brewster, C., Stevenson, M. (eds) Words and Intelligence I. Text, Speech and Language Technology, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5285-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5285-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5284-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5285-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)