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Antibiotic resistance pattern and gene expression of non-typhoid Salmonella in riversheds

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Abstract

In this study, antibiotic resistance and major phenol and genotypes of non-typhoid Salmonella spp. from riversheds in Taiwan were examined. In 236 water samples tested, 54 (22.9 %) contained Salmonella spp. Fifteen Salmonella serovars were identified from the Salmonella isolates, and some common serovars are associated with infections of human and livestock, including Albany (27.8 %), Newport (14.8 %), Bareilly (13.0 %), Derby (11.1 %), and Typhimurium (7.4 %). Various environmental factors may also affect the presence and proportion of different serovars in the receiving waters. In contrast, serovars with narrower range of hosts, e.g., Dublin, were rarely detected. The Salmonella isolates were subjected to eight antibiotics for drug resistance, and 51.9 % of the samples were resistant to at least one tested antibiotics. Tetracycline and sulfadiazine were the two most ineffective antibiotics against the Salmonella isolates, and the results were indicative of long-term antibiotics abuse as fodder supplements in animal husbandry. The more commonly detected serovars such as Albany, Derby, and Typhimurium were also more likely to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between resistance to chloramphenicol and the resistance gene cmlA, suggesting that the resistance genotypes could persist in the environment even long after prohibition of the drug use. The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. infers elevated infection risks that must be further examined.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by research grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 103-2116-M-194-014 and 103-2622-E-194-007-CC3), and the Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Republic of China.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Chao-Yu Hsu

    2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Bing-Mu Hsu, Wen-Tsai Ji, Shao-Feng Tseng & Po-Min Kao

    3. Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China

      Jung-Sheng Chen

    4. Department of Ophthalmology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Tsui-Kang Hsu

    5. Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Dar-Der Ji

    6. Department of Tropical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Dar-Der Ji

    7. General Surgery, Surgical Department, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Yi-Chou Chiu

    8. Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Yu-Li Huang

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    1. Chao-Yu Hsu
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    Correspondence to Bing-Mu Hsu.

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    Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

    Wen-Tsai Ji, Jung-Sheng Chen, and Tsui-Kang Hsu have equal contributions to the first author.

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    Hsu, CY., Hsu, BM., Ji, WT. et al. Antibiotic resistance pattern and gene expression of non-typhoid Salmonella in riversheds. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 7843–7850 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-4033-y

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