Skip to main content
Log in

A neural network--based methodology for the recreation of high-speed impacts on metal armours

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Neural Computing and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The prediction of the consequences of a ballistic impact is highly relevant in the advanced material engineering. Traditionally, the solution of this kind of problems was made by means of experimental tests, analytical models or numerical simulations. In this domain, the particularities of the phenomenon at high speed increase the difficulty of the mathematical resolution of the equations associated, and the complexity of the mechanical behaviour of the materials at high strain rates complicates the numerical simulation of the problem. Therefore, this paper describes a neural network--based methodology applied to recreate the ballistic impact phenomenon. The objective of this study is threefold. Firstly, to obtain the most precise prediction possible, minimizing the amount of data used. Secondly, to discover and analyse the influence of each of the variables on the entire neuronal model. Finally, to compare the precision and performance of this methodology with other alternatives of learning machine. The empirical results have shown that the proposed methodology is an interesting approach to reliably solving ballistic impact problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. ABAQUS: ABAQUS/Explicit v6.4 Users Manual. ABAQUS Inc., Richmond, USA. (2003)

  2. Adeli H, Yeh C (1989) Perceptron learning in engineering design. Microcomput Civil Eng 4:247–256

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson C, Bodner S (1988) Ballistic impact: the status of analytical and numerical modeling. Int J Impact Eng 7(1):9–35

    Google Scholar 

  4. Anlauf J, Biehl M (1989) The adatron: an adaptive perceptron algorithm. Europhys Lett 10:687–692

    Google Scholar 

  5. Arias A, Rodríguez-Martínez JA, Rusinek A (2008) Numerical simulations of impact behaviour of thin steel plates subjected to cylindrical, conical and hemispherical non-deformable projectiles. Eng Fract Mech 75(6):1635–1656

    Google Scholar 

  6. Arias A, Zaera R, López-Puente J, Navarro C (2003) Numerical modeling of the impact behavior of new particulate-loaded composite materials. Compos Struct 61(1–2):151–159 Impact on Composites 2002

    Google Scholar 

  7. Awerbuch J, Bodner S (1974) Analysis of the mechanics of perforation of projectiles in metallic plates. Int J Solids Struct 10:671–684

    Google Scholar 

  8. Backman M, Goldsmith W (1978) The mechanics of penetration of projectiles into targets. Int J Eng Sci 16(1):1–99

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ben-Dor G, Dubinsky A, Elperi T (2005) Ballistic impact: recent advances in analytical modeling of plate penetration dynamics. A review. Appl Mech Rev 58(6):355–371

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bisagni C, Lanzi L, Ricci S (2002) Optimization of helicopter subfloor components under crashworthiness requirements using neural networks. J Aircr 39(2):296–304

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bishop C (1996) Neural networks for pattern recognition. Oxford University Press, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Borvik T, Langseth M, Hopperstad O, Malo K (1999) Ballistic penetration of steel plates–analysis and experiment. Int J Impact Eng 22(9–10):855–886

    Google Scholar 

  13. Broomhead D, Lowe D (1988) Multivariable functional interpolation and adaptive networks. Complex Syst 2:321–355

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cover M (1969) Learning in pattern recognition. Methodologies of Pattern Recognition pp 111–132

  15. Cover T (1965) Geometrical and statistical properties of systems of linear inequalities with applications in pattern recognition. IEEE Trans Elect Comput EC-14(3):326–334

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cybenko G (1989) Approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal function. Math Control Signals Syst 2:303–314

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Devijver P, Kittler J (1982) Pattern recognition: a statistical approach. Prentice Hall, London

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Dua R, Watkins S, Wunsch D, Chandrashekhara K, Akhavan F (2001) Detection and classification of impact-induced damage in composite plates using neural networks. In: International joint conference on neural networks (IJCNN 01), pp 681–686

  19. Farrar C, Leeming D (1983) Military ballistics: a basic manual. Brassey’s Defence Publishers, New York

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fawaz Z, Heng W, Ehdinan K (2004) Numerical simulation of normal and oblique ballistic impact on ceramic composite armours. Compos Struct 63(3–4):387–395

    Google Scholar 

  21. Foley D (1972) Considerations of sample and feature size. IEEE Trans Infor Theory 18(5):618–626

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Garcia-Crespo A, Ruiz-Mezcua B, Fernandez D, Zaera R (2007) Prediction of the response under impact of steel armours using a multilayer perceptron. Neural Comput Appl 16(2):147–154

    Google Scholar 

  23. Garcia-Crespo A, Ruiz-Mezcua B, Gonzalez-Carrasco I, Lopez-Cuadrado J (2009) Multilayer perceptron training optimization for high-speed impacts classification. In: Ao SI, Gelman L (eds) Advances in electrical engineering and computational science, vol. 39. Springer, Netherlands, pp 377–388

  24. Goldsmith W (1960) Impact: the theory and physical behaviour of colliding solids. Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd, London

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Goldsmith W, Finnegan S (1971) Penetration and perforation processes in metal targets at and above ballistic velocities. Int J Mech Sci 13(10):843–866

    Google Scholar 

  26. Goutte C (1997) Note on free lunches and cross-validation. Neural Comput 9(6):1245–1249

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hajela P, Lee E (1997) Topological optimization of rotorcraft subfloor structures for crashworthiness considerations. Comput Struct 64(1–4):65

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Hamza K, Saitou K (2005) Design optimization of vehicle structures for crashworthiness using equivalent mechanism approximations. J Mech Des 127(3):485–492

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hippert H, Pedreira C, Souza R (2001) Neural networks for short-term load forecasting: a review and evaluation. IEEE Trans Power Syst 16(1):44–55

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hornik K, Stinchcombe M, White H (1989) Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators. Neural Netw 2(5):359–366

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ince R (2004) Prediction of fracture parameters of concrete by artificial neural networks. Eng Fract Mech 71(15):2143–2159

    Google Scholar 

  32. Isasi P, Galvan I (2004) Redes de neuronas artificiales: un enfoque practico. Pearson Prentice Hall, Madrid

  33. Johnson G, Cook W (1983) A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates, and temperatures. In: Proceedngs of 7th international symposium ballistics, pp 541–547

  34. Karystinos G, Pados D (2000) On overfitting, generalization, and randomly expanded training sets. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 11(5):1050–1057

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kim C, Mijar A, Arora JS (2001) Development of simplified models for design and optimization of automotive structures for crashworthiness. Struct Multidiscip Optim 22(4):307–321

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kohavi R (1995) A study of cross-validation and bootstrap for accuracy estimation and model selection. In: Proceedings of international joint conference on artificial intelligence, pp 1137–1143. Morgan Kaufmann

  37. Lippmann R (1987) An introduction to computing with neural nets. IEEE ASSP Mag 4(2):4–22

  38. Liu H, Setiono R (1998) Incremental feature selection. Appl Intell 9(3):217–230

    Google Scholar 

  39. Liu S, Huang J, Sung J, Lee C (2002) Detection of cracks using neural networks and computational mechanics. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 191(25–26):2831

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Loghmanian S, Jamaluddin H, Ahmad R, Yusof R, Khalid M (2011) Structure optimization of neural network for dynamic system modeling using multi-objective genetic algorithm. Neural Comput Appl pp 1–15. doi:10.1007/s00521-011-0560-3

  41. Majumder M, Roy P, Mazumdar A (2007) Optimization of the water use in the river Damodar in West Bengal in India: an integrated multi-reservoir system with the help of artificial neural network. Eng Comput Architect 1(2). Article no. 1192

  42. Malcolm J (2005) Terminal ballistics: a text and atlas of Gunshot Wounds

  43. Mandal S, Saha D, Banerjee T (2005) A neural network based prediction model for flood in a disaster management system with sensor networks. In: Proceedings of 2005 international conference on intelligent sensing and information processing, 2005, pp 78–82

  44. Mimaroglu A, Iyibilgin O, Unal H (2006) Ballistic penetration into targets: use of f.e. technique. In: MS’06: Proceedings of the 17th IASTED international conference on modelling and simulation. ACTA Press, Anaheim, pp 579–584

  45. Moreno J, Pol A (2003) Numeric sensitivity analysis applied to feedforward neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 12(2):119–125

    Google Scholar 

  46. Priddy K, Keller P (2005) Artificial neural networks: an introduction. SPIE Press, Bellingham

    Google Scholar 

  47. Principe J, Euliano N, Lefebvre W (1999) Neural and adaptive systems: fundamentals through simulations with CD-ROM. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ravid M, Bodner S (1983) Dynamic perforation of viscoplastic plates by rigid projectiles. Int J Eng Sci 21:577–591

    Google Scholar 

  49. Shabana A (2005) Dynamics of multibody systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  50. Sokolova M, Rasras R, Skopin D (2006) The artificial neural network based approach for mortality structure analysis. Am J Appl Sci 3(2):1698–1702

    Google Scholar 

  51. Tang Y, Guo W, Gao J (2009) Efficient model selection for support vector machine with gaussian kernel function. In: Anonymous (ed) Computational intelligence and data mining, 2009. IEEE symposium on CIDM ’09, pp 40–45

  52. Tarassenko L (1998) A guide to neural computing applications. Arnol/NCAF, London

    Google Scholar 

  53. Tchaban T, Taylor M, Griffin J (1998) Establishing impacts of the inputs in a feedforward neural network. Neural Comput Appl 7(4):309–317

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  54. Tibshirani R (1996) A comparison of some error estimates for neural network models. Neural Comput 8(1):152–163

    Google Scholar 

  55. Vapnik V (1995) The nature of statistical learning theory. Springer, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. Wang W, Zongben X, Weizhen L, Zhang X (2003) Determination of the spread parameter in the gaussian kernel for classification and regression. Neurocomputing 55(3–4):643–663

    Google Scholar 

  57. Waszczyszyn Z, Ziemianski L (2001) Neural networks in mechanics of structures and materials–new results and prospects of applications. Comput Struct 79(16):2261–2276

    Google Scholar 

  58. Xu Y, Wang L, Zhong P (2011) A rough margin-based v-twin support vector machine. Neural Comput Appl pp 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00521-011-0565-y

  59. Zaera R, Sanchez-Galvez V (1998) Analytical modelling of normal and oblique ballistic impact on ceramic/metal lightweight armours. Int J Impact Eng 21(3):133–148

    Google Scholar 

  60. Zaera R, Sanchez-Galvez V (1998) Using an analytical model of simulation in the design of light-weight armours. Simulation 70(3):175–181

    Google Scholar 

  61. Zaera R, Sanchez-Saez S, Perez-Castellanos J, Navarro C (2000) Modelling of the adhesive layer in mixed ceramic/metal armours subjected to impact. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 31(8):823–833

    Google Scholar 

  62. Zhou DW, Stronge WJ (2008) Ballistic limit for oblique impact of thin sandwich panels and spaced plates. Int J Impact Eng 35(11):1339–1354

    Google Scholar 

  63. Zukas J (1990) High velocity impact dynamics. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is founded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under the PIBES project of the Spanish Committee of Education & Science (TEC2006-12365-C02-01).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Israel Gonzalez-Carrasco.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gonzalez-Carrasco, I., Garcia-Crespo, A., Ruiz-Mezcua, B. et al. A neural network--based methodology for the recreation of high-speed impacts on metal armours. Neural Comput & Applic 21, 91–107 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-011-0635-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-011-0635-1

Keywords

Navigation