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Muscular strength and markers of insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA Study

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the association of muscular strength with markers of insulin resistance in European adolescents. The study comprised a total of 1,053 adolescents (499 males; 12.5–17.5 years) from ten European cities participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Cross-Sectional Study. Muscular strength was measured by the handgrip strength and standing long jump tests. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by the 20-m shuttle run test. Fasting insulin and glucose were measured and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) indices were calculated. Weight, height, waist circumference and skinfold thickness were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. In males, the handgrip strength and standing long jump tests were negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA (all P < 0.05) after controlling for pubertal status, country and BMI or waist circumference. When skinfold thickness was included in the model, the association became non-significant. In females, the standing long jump test was negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA (all P < 0.001) after controlling for pubertal status, country and surrogate markers of total or central body fat (BMI, waist circumference or skinfold thickness). Findings were retained in males, but not in females after controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. The findings of the present study suggest that preventive strategies should focus not only on decreasing fatness and increasing cardiorespiratory fitness but also on enhancing muscular strength.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge all participating children and adolescents, and their parents and teachers for their collaboration. We also acknowledge all the members involved in the field work for their efforts and great enthusiasm. The HELENA study takes place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034). This analysis was also supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education (JCI-2010-07055, AP-2005-4358, RYC-2010-05957, EX-2008-0641, AGL2007-29784-E/ALI), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (CH/018/2008), the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, and the ALPHA study, an European Union-funded study, in the framework of the Public Health Programme (Ref: 2006120). This study was also supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health: Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (number RD08/0072) (LMA) and Science-FEDER funds (Acciones Complementarias DEP2007-29933-E). Many thanks to Petra Pickert and Anke Carstensen for their contribution to laboratory work.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Jiménez-Pavón.

Additional information

Communicated by Susan A. Ward.

on behalf of the HELENA Study group. The Members of the HELENA study group are given in Appendix.

Appendix: HELENA Study Group

Appendix: HELENA Study Group

Co-ordinator: Luis A. Moreno.

Core Group members: Luis A. Moreno, Fréderic Gottrand, Stefaan De Henauw, Marcela González-Gross, Chantal Gilbert.

Steering Committee: Anthony Kafatos (President), Luis A. Moreno, Christian Libersa, Stefaan De Henauw, Jackie Sánchez, Fréderic Gottrand, Mathilde Kersting, Michael Sjöstrom, Dénes Molnár, Marcela González-Gross, Jean Dallongeville, Chantal Gilbert, Gunnar Hall, Lea Maes, Luca Scalfi.

Project Manager: Pilar Meléndez.

  1. 1.

    Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)

Luis A. Moreno, Jesús Fleta, José A. Casajús, Gerardo Rodríguez, Concepción Tomás, María I. Mesana, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez, Adoración Villarroya, Carlos M. Gil, Ignacio Ara, Juan Revenga, Carmen Lachen, Juan Fernández Alvira, Gloria Bueno, Aurora Lázaro, Olga Bueno, Juan F. León, Jesús Mª Garagorri, Manuel Bueno, Juan Pablo Rey López, Iris Iglesia, Paula Velasco, Silvia Bel, Theodora Mouratidou.

  1. 2.

    Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain)

Ascensión Marcos, Julia Wärnberg, Esther Nova, Sonia Gómez, Esperanza Ligia Díaz, Javier Romeo, Ana Veses, Mari Angeles Puertollano, Belén Zapatera, Tamara Pozo.

  1. 3.

    Université de Lille 2 (France)

Laurent Beghin, Christian Libersa, Frédéric Gottrand, Catalina Iliescu, Juliana Von Berlepsch.

  1. 4.

    Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (Germany)

Mathilde Kersting, Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert, Ellen Koeppen.

  1. 5.

    Pécsi Tudományegyetem (University of Pécs) (Hungary)

Dénes Molnar, Eva Erhardt, Katalin Csernus, Katalin Török, Szilvia Bokor, Mrs. Angster, Enikö Nagy, Orsolya Kovács, Judit Répasi.

  1. 6.

    University of Crete School of Medicine (Greece)

Anthony Kafatos, Caroline Codrington, María Plada, Angeliki Papadaki, Katerina Sarri, Anna Viskadourou, Christos Hatzis, Michael Kiriakakis, George Tsibinos, Constantine Vardavas Manolis Sbokos, Eva Protoyeraki, Maria Fasoulaki.

  1. 7.

    Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften–Ernährungphysiologie. Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität (Germany)

Peter Stehle, Klaus Pietrzik, Marcela González-Gross, Christina Breidenassel, Andre Spinneker, Jasmin Al-Tahan, Miriam Segoviano, Anke Berchtold, Christine Bierschbach, Erika Blatzheim, Adelheid Schuch, Petra Pickert.

  1. 8.

    University of Granada (Spain)

Manuel J. Castillo Garzón, Ángel Gutiérrez Sáinz, Francisco B. Ortega Porcel, Jonatan Ruiz Ruiz, Enrique García Artero, Vanesa España Romero, David Jiménez-Pavón, Cristóbal Sánchez Muñoz, Victor Soto, Palma Chillón, Jose M. Heredia, Virginia Aparicio, Pedro Baena, Claudia M. Cardia, Ana Carbonell.

  1. 9.

    Istituto Nazionalen di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (Italy)

Davide Arcella, Giovina Catasta, Laura Censi, Donatella Ciarapica, Marika Ferrari, Cinzia Le Donne, Catherine Leclerq, Luciana Magrì, Giuseppe Maiani, Rafaela Piccinelli, Angela Polito, Raffaela Spada, Elisabetta Toti.

  1. 10.

    University of Napoli “Federico II” Dept of Food Science (Italy)

Luca Scalfi, Paola Vitaglione, Concetta Montagnese.

  1. 11.

    Ghent University (Belgium)

Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Stefaan De Henauw, Tineke De Vriendt, Lea Maes, Christophe Matthys, Carine Vereecken, Mieke de Maeyer, Charlene Ottevaere, Inge Huybrechts.

  1. 12.

    Medical University of Vienna (Austria)

Kurt Widhalm, Katharina Phillipp, Sabine Dietrich, Birgit Kubelka

Marion Boriss-Riedl.

  1. 13.

    Harokopio University (Greece)

Yannis Manios, Eva Grammatikaki, Zoi Bouloubasi, Tina Louisa Cook, Sofia Eleutheriou, Orsalia Consta, George Moschonis, Ioanna Katsaroli, George Kraniou, Stalo Papoutsou, Despoina Keke, Ioanna Petraki, Elena Bellou, Sofia Tanagra, Kostalenia Kallianoti, Dionysia Argyropoulou, Katerina Kondaki, Stamatoula Tsikrika, Christos Karaiskos.

  1. 14.

    Institut Pasteur de Lille (France)

Jean Dallongeville, Aline Meirhaeghe.

  1. 15.

    Karolinska Institutet (Sweden)

Michael Sjöstrom, Patrick Bergman, María Hagströmer, Lena Hallström, Mårten Hallberg, Eric Poortvliet, Julia Wärnberg, Nico Rizzo, Linda Beckman, Anita Hurtig Wennlöf, Emma Patterson, Lydia Kwak, Lars Cernerud, Per Tillgren, Stefaan Sörensen.

  1. 16.

    Asociación de Investigación de la Industria Agroalimentaria (Spain)

Jackie Sánchez-Molero, Elena Picó, Maite Navarro, Blanca Viadel, José Enrique Carreres, Gema Merino, Rosa Sanjuán, María Lorente, María José Sánchez, Sara Castelló.

  1. 17.

    Campden BRI (United Kingdom)

Chantal Gilbert, Sarah Thomas, Elaine Allchurch, Peter Burguess.

  1. 18.

    SIK - Institutet foer Livsmedel och Bioteknik (Sweden)

Gunnar Hall, Annika Astrom, Anna Sverkén, Agneta Broberg.

  1. 19.

    Meurice Recherche & Development asbl (Belgium)

Annick Masson, Claire Lehoux, Pascal Brabant, Philippe Pate, Laurence Fontaine.

  1. 20.

    Campden & Chorleywood Food Development Institute (Hungary)

Andras Sebok, Tunde Kuti, Adrienn Hegyi.

  1. 21.

    Productos Aditivos SA (Spain)

Cristina Maldonado, Ana Llorente.

  1. 22.

    Cárnicas Serrano SL (Spain)

Emilio García.

  1. 23.

    Cederroth International AB (Sweden)

Holger von Fircks, Marianne Lilja Hallberg, Maria Messerer

  1. 24.

    Lantmännen Food R&D (Sweden)

Mats Larsson, Helena Fredriksson, Viola Adamsson, Ingmar Börjesson.

  1. 25.

    European Food Information Council (Belgium)

Laura Fernández, Laura Smillie, Josephine Wills.

  1. 26.

    Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain)

Marcela González-Gross, Jara Valtueña, Ulrike Albers, Raquel Pedrero, Agustín Meléndez, Pedro J. Benito, David Cañada, David Jiménez-Pavón, Alejandro Urzanqui, Juan Carlos Ortiz, Francisco Fuentes, Juan José Gómez Lorente, Rosa María Torres, Paloma Navarro

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Jiménez-Pavón, D., Ortega, F.B., Valtueña, J. et al. Muscular strength and markers of insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA Study. Eur J Appl Physiol 112, 2455–2465 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2216-5

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