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Elastic deformations in semi-dilute Ni nanorod/hydrogel composites

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Abstract

Magnetic nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing uniaxial ferromagnetic Ni nanorods in poly(acrylamide) hydrogels. Field alignment of the nanorods during polymerization resulted in a magnetic texture which was explored for field-induced deformations in the elastic composite. At very low particle volume fraction \(<10^{-6}\), the magnetic torque resulted in a local rotation of the nanorods, measured by optical transmission of linearly polarized light, with a field- and orientation dependence in agreement with the Stoner–Wohlfarth model. The local rotation was virtually unaffected by an increase in the volume fraction to \(\sim 10^{-4}\) which suggested negligible interparticle interactions or mutual compensation of opposing contributions. Elastic interactions, mediated by the deformation of the matrix, were investigated by FEM simulations for nanorods of different aspect ratio and relative spatial positions. Complementary experiments were performed by measuring the rotation of individual nanorods using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results suggest interparticle interactions to be negligible in textured nanorod composites up to a volume fraction of \(10^{-4}\). Macroscopic deformations of Ni nanorod/hydrogel magnetic actuators in this concentration regime are expected to be solely determined by the intrinsic properties of the nanorods which was demonstrated using the example of a torsion cylinder.

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Acknowledgements

We thank C. Wagner (Saarland University, Physics Department) for providing access to the shear rheometry equipment and M. Hermes and A. Schmidt (University of Cologne, Chemistry Department) for assistance with nanoparticle functionalization. We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the German National Science Foundation DFG in the priority program SPP1681 Grants TS62/4-2, AU321/3-2 and KA3309/2-2.

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Author notes

  1. Shilin Huang

    Present address: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

  2. Günter Auernhammer

    Present address: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Department of Polymer Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Christoph Schopphoven, Kerstin Birster, Rouven Schweitzer & Andreas Tschöpe

  2. Institute of Solid Mechanics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    Christian Lux & Markus Kästner

  3. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Shilin Huang & Günter Auernhammer

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  1. Christoph Schopphoven
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Schopphoven, C., Birster, K., Schweitzer, R. et al. Elastic deformations in semi-dilute Ni nanorod/hydrogel composites. Arch Appl Mech 89, 119–132 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-018-1461-z

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