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Novel thermo-acidophilic bacteria isolated from geothermal sites in Yellowstone National Park: physiological and phylogenetic characteristics

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Abstract

Moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria were isolated from geothermal (30–83 °C) acidic (pH 2.7–3.7) sites in Yellowstone National Park. The temperature maxima and pH minima of the isolates ranged from 50 to 65 °C, and pH 1.0–1.9. Eight of the bacteria were able to catalyze the dissimilatory oxidation of ferrous iron, and eleven could reduce ferric iron to ferrous iron in anaerobic cultures. Several of the isolates could also oxidize tetrathionate. Six of the iron-oxidizing isolates, and one obligate heterotroph, were low G+C gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes). The former included three Sulfobacillus-like isolates (two closely related to a previously isolated Yellowstone strain, and the third to a mesophilic bacterium isolated from Montserrat), while the other three appeared to belong to a different genus. The other two iron-oxidizers were an Actinobacterium (related to Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans) and a Methylobacterium-like isolate (a genus within the α-Proteobacteria that has not previously been found to contain either iron-oxidizers or acidophiles). The other three (heterotrophic) isolates were also α-Proteobacteria and appeared be a novel thermophilic Acidisphaera sp. An ARDREA protocol was developed to discriminate between the iron-oxidizing isolates. Digestion of amplified rRNA genes with two restriction enzymes (SnaBI and BsaAI) separated these bacteria into five distinct groups; this result was confirmed by analysis of sequenced rRNA genes.

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Abbreviations

ARDREA :

Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction enzyme analysis

Fe o :

Ferrous sulfate overlay medium

FeS o :

Ferrous sulfate/potassium tetrathionate overlay medium

TSB :

Tryptone soya broth

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Acknowledgements

Naoko Okibe is grateful for financial assistance provided by The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (UK), the Gen Foundation and Glaxo Ltd. We also appreciate the help of Zhe-Xue Quan (Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon) with the bacterial growth experiments, and thank Lynn Petzke for her assistance in re-analyzing the phlyogenetic tree.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK

    D. Barrie Johnson & Naoko Okibe

  2. Biotechnology Department, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2203, USA

    Francisco F. Roberto

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  1. D. Barrie Johnson
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  2. Naoko Okibe
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  3. Francisco F. Roberto
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Correspondence to D. Barrie Johnson.

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Johnson, D.B., Okibe, N. & Roberto, F.F. Novel thermo-acidophilic bacteria isolated from geothermal sites in Yellowstone National Park: physiological and phylogenetic characteristics. Arch Microbiol 180, 60–68 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0562-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0562-3

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