Abstract
Hypertension is the most common noncommunicable disease and its epidemiology, diagnosis and management principles vary according to the social, economic, dietary, and genetic factors in different regions. This highlights the need for the country- or region-specific guidelines. In the last 4 years there have been updated versions of hypertension guidelines from various organizations across the globe. This includes the US guidelines in 2017, European guidelines in 2018, Indian guidelines in 2019, International Society of Hypertension in 2020 and Canadian guidelines in 2020. Most Asian countries have their own guidelines. The majority of current guideline documents have a similar focus and use similar definitions. However, there are some differences between them. A comparison of these guidelines helps to understand the similarities and differences in approach of the different recommendations. Generally, it is advisable to follow the guidelines of your own country and region, while keeping in mind the recommendations of other countries.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/vASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. Hypertension. 2018;71:e13–e115.
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021–104.
Shah SN, Core Committee Members: Billimoria AB, Mukherjee S, Kamath S, Munjal YP, Maiya M, Wander GS, Mehta N. Indian guidelines on management of hypertension (I.G.H) – IV 2019. Suppl J Assoc Phys India (JAPI). 2019;67(9):1–48.
Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2020;75:1334–57.
Rabi DM, McBrien KA, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Nakhla M, Ahmed SB, Dumanski SM, et al. Hypertension Canada’s 2020 comprehensive guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(5):596–624.
Wander GS, Ram CVS. Global impact of 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology hypertension guidelines—a prospective from India. Circulation. 2018;137:549–50.
Wander GS, Ram CVS. Blood pressure—methods to record & numbers that are significant: lets make a tailored suit to suit us. Indian J Med Res. 2018;147(5):435–8.
Wander GS, Ram CVS. Optimal blood pressure goals recommended by the latest hypertension guidelines: India may benefit the most. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3012–6.
Wander GS, Gupta R, Ram CVS. Western guidelines bring in cardiovascular risk prediction along with blood pressure levels for initiation of antihypertensive drugs: is the pitch ready for Indians. J Hum Hypertens. 2019;33(8):566–7.
Kario K, Chia YC, Sukonthasarn A, Turana Y, Shin J, Chen CH, et al. Diversity of and initiatives for hypertension management in Asia—why we need the HOPE Asia Network. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2020;22(3):331–43.
Bobrie G, Genès N, Vaur L, Clerson P, Vaisse B, Mallion JM, et al. Is “isolated home” hypertension as opposed to “isolated office” hypertension a sign of greater cardiovascular risk? Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(18):2205–11.
Staessen JA, Den Hond E, Celis H, Fagard R, Keary L, Vandenhoven G, et al.; Treatment of Hypertension Based on Home or Office Blood Pressure (THOP) Trial Investigators. Antihypertensive treatment based on blood pressure measurement at home or in the physician’s office: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(8):955–64.
Gupta R, Ram CVS. Hypertension epidemiology in India: emerging aspects. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2019;34(4):331–41.
The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on blood pressure of persons with high normal levels. Results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase I. JAMA. 1992;267(9):1213–20.
Mozaffarian D, Fahimi S, Singh GM, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Engell RE, et al.; Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group. Global sodium consumption and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):624–34.
Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, Brancati FL, Appel LJ, Follmann D, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA. 1997;277(20):1624–32.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redón J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, et al.; Task Force Members. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281–357.
Takashima N, Ohkubo T, Miura K, Okamura T, Murakami Y, Fujiyoshi A, et al.; NIPPON DATA80 Research Group. Long-term risk of BP values above normal for cardiovascular mortality: a 24-year observation of Japanese aged 30 to 92 years. J Hypertens. 2012;30(12):2299–306.
Czernichow S, Ninomiya T, Huxley R, Kengne AP, Batty GD, Grobbee DE, et al. Impact of blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular outcomes in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals: the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study trial. Hypertension. 2010;55(5):1193–8.
Ogden LG, He J, Lydick E, Whelton PK. Long-term absolute benefit of lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients according to the JNC VI risk stratification. Hypertension. 2000;35(2):539–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mehta, N., Shetty, S. (2022). Summary of Recent Guidelines on Hypertension. In: Ram, C.V.S., Teo, B.W.J., Wander, G.S. (eds) Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Asia. Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95734-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95734-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-95733-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-95734-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)